Surface tension of liquid ternary Fe–Cu–Mo alloys measured by electromagnetic levitation oscillating drop method

Abstract

For the liquid Fe-Cu-Mo ternary system, the surface tensions of three selected alloys, i.e., three typical monotectic alloys, were measured by the electromagnetic levitation oscillating drop method over a broad temperature range, including both superheated and undercooled states. The maximum undercooling attained is up to 173 K. The experimental results show a good linear correlation between the surface tension and the temperature. By applying on the Butler equation, the surface tensions were also calculated and they are in good agreement with the measured ones, except that in the undercooled state, the calculated value is slightly larger than the measured results. Interestingly, both the measured and calculated results indicate that the enriched element on the droplet surface is much more conspicuous than other elements in influencing the surface tension. Besides, the viscosity and the density of the liquid Fe-Cu-Mo ternary alloys are also derived on the grounds of the experimentally measured surface tensions.

Specific heat, enthalpy, and density of undercooled liquid Fe–Si–Sn alloy

“…The properties of undercooled liquid alloys, such as specific heat and density, are of significance for understanding thermodynamic processes [1], developing solidification theory [2], and for exploring liquid properties and metastable phase transformation [1][2][3][4][5]. They have attracted much attention in the areas of condensed-matter physics and materials science [2][3][4].…”

“…The electromagnetic levitation (EML) technique can provide a containerless environment, avoid chemical reaction with container walls, and eliminate heterogeneous nuclei. It is suitable for the measurement of thermophysical properties for highly undercooled alloys [5]. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations can provide another approach for obtaining the specific heat and density.…”

Surface Tension and Surface Tension Assessment of Ag-Au-Cu Ternary and Sub-Binary Alloy Systems

“…The second one is dynamic surface tension measurements so that many of these are considered as the modifications of the static models. One can generally mention some experimental methods such as ring [1,12]; oscillating jet [13][14][15][16][17]; DC method, as described in detail elsewhere [18][19][20]; oscillating droplet method [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]; draining crucible method [19,20,41,42]; drop or weight method (it can be seen that the drop volume or weight method among the conventional methods of surface tension measurement has proven to be reliable and easy to handle) [43][44][45][46][47]; pulsating bubble [48]; pendant drop (it may be said that the use of the pendant drop method to measure interfacial tension between molten polymers has gotten a lot of attention) [11,[49][50][51]…”