Surface wettability and nano roughness at different grit blasting operational pressures and their effects on resin cement to zirconia adhesion

Abstract

This study analyzed the effect of grit blasting pressures on resin cement to zirconia (ZrO2) adhesion using enclosed mold shear bond test (EM-SBS). ZrO2 blanks were pre-treated with Rocatec ™ Soft as follows: group 1: control, group 2: specimens treated at 80 kPa, group 3: at 180 kPa, group 4: at 280 kPa, and group 5: at 380 kPa. Monobond ® N and Multilink ® Speed were used as the silane and resin cement, respectively. Next, the blanks were assigned into three subgroups (n=8, N=108) according to storage conditions. A non-linear relation was observed between EM-SBS and contact angle versus grit blasting pressure (r=−0.542, p=0.01). According to ANOVA (p<0.05), the EM-SBS values with both 180 kPa (17.4±6.7 MPa) and 280 kPa (19.4±4.8 MPa) were statistically higher after 12,000 thermo-cycles. Relatively equal thermo-cycled bond strength might also be achieved with intermediate (180 kPa) grit blasting pressure instead of the recommended 280 kPa.

Influence of Additive Firing on the Surface Characteristics, Streptococcus mutans Viability and Optical Properties of Zirconia

“…Their relationship that an increase in one increases another and vice versa has been well known and shown in the researches regarding dental zirconia [12,13]. To understand the effect of surface roughness and contact angle on zirconia, various processes such as laser scanning, sandblasting, polishing, machining, and heat treatment were performed to produce diverse topography [14][15][16]. However, the effect of repeated firing on the surface roughness and contact angle of zirconia has not been studied yet.…”

Adhesion to Zirconia: A Systematic Review of Surface Pretreatments and Resin Cements

“…In the present systematic review, the studies were conducted in vitro, and a great heterogeneity was observed among the studies. Despite the limitations of this type of study, it is necessary to evaluate the behavior of different materials and techniques before their clinical application [ 18 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…Although several studies did not mention this step, they may have done it too. Ultrasonic cleaning before surface conditioning or the resin cement is also widely used [ 32 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Likewise, several solutions were used, including distilled water, alcohol, acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol, with a usage time between 1 and 10 min.…”

“…In the reviewed articles, most of the studies involved mechanicochemical methods [ 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 66 , 72 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Although sandblasting can modify the surface of the zirconia, when used alone, it has been shown to be ineffective in increasing adhesion to zirconia, and a chemical surface conditioner is required to make it stable in the long term [ 33 , 34 , 51 , 70 ].…”

“…The particle size ranged from 30 to 110 µm, at 0.8–4 bar and at 10 mm. However, cracks occurred on the surface of zirconia at high pressure, and a pressure of 1.8–2.8 bar has been proved to be sufficient to achieve a significant increase in adhesion [ 32 , 40 ]. The TSC showed better bond strength than conventional sandblasting, favoring long-term stable adhesion [ 34 , 39 , 66 , 70 , 76 ].…”