Surfactant Protein-D Regulates Surfactant Phospholipid Homeostasis in Vivo

Abstract

Surfactant protein D (SP-D

Increased metalloproteinase activity, oxidant production, and emphysema in surfactant protein D gene-inactivated mice

“…SP-D (Ϫ͞Ϫ) mice were generated by targeted gene inactivation as recently described (8). SP-D (Ϫ͞Ϫ) mice survive and breed normally in the vivarium under barrier containment facilities at Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.…”

“…Targeted gene inactivation of the SP-D gene in mice caused increased alveolar surfactant phospholipid pools, associated with increased numbers of lipid-laden macrophages (8,9) and enlarged distal airspaces (8). Surfactant protein B (SP-B) and surfactant protein C (SP-C) expression was unaltered, but SP-A mRNA was reduced by 40% in lung homogenates, whereas the concentration of SP-A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was reduced by 25% (8). The present work describes the temporal progression of postnatal airspace enlargement and spontaneous inflammatory changes in the lungs of SP-D (Ϫ͞Ϫ) mice.…”

Significance of surfactant proteins in the diagnosis of therapeutic diseases

“…Повышение уровня SP-D при сарко-идозе может быть обусловлено способностью провоспалитель-ных цитокинов стимулировать продукцию SP-D в дыхательных путях [20,61]. Исследование SP-D в сыворотке крови пациентов с саркоидозом выявило его повышенный уровень по сравнению с таковым у здоровых лиц [62].…”

The Importance of Surfactant on the Development of Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases

“…23 Abnormalities observed on the knock-out mouse for the SP-D gene, as well as the increase in the alveolar phospholipid pool, suggest that SP-D could be more important than previously thought. 27,28 However, there is no evidence so far indicating that allelic variations can be attributed or not to RDS.…”

“…Rats that do not produce SP-D possess an increased pool of lipids in the tissues and alveolus without an increase of the surfactant proteins; these rats develop emphysema. 27,28 Congenital SP-D deficiency has so far not been reported in humans.…”