Surfactants in Cosmetic Products

Pedro, Ricardo; Walters, K.

doi:10.1201/9780429190674-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a result, the narrow‐range ethoxylates market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.0% from 2021 to 2028, with a USD 8.04 billion market by 2028 (Grand‐View‐Research, 2021). Processes to obtain narrow ethoxylates have been recently the focus of fundamental research (Acosta & Natali, 2021; Lukosek et al, 2021; Smith, 2019) and cosmetic, personal care, and household product applications (Pedro & Walters, 2019), although their study started several years ago (Dillan, 1985; Goe, 1998; Salager et al, 2000).…”

Section: New Dioxane Regulations As An Opportunity For Biobased Surfa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis

Ortiz

Alvarado

Zambrano³

et al. 2022

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work reviews the use of carbohydrates and their derivatives as renewable raw materials in the production of surfactants. Methods to attain state‐of‐the‐art carbohydrate‐derived surfactants are described. This includes surfactants widely used nowadays and others that have not yet transcended beyond the academic field. Given the abundance of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates and the considerable quantity of different surfactant structures that can be generated during their synthesis, selectively obtaining a target product represents a challenge. Therefore, this work focuses on the platform chemicals available to synthesize biobased surfactants. The first part of the review comprises a brief introduction of simple and complex carbohydrates to better understand their chemistry. Then, a description of the processes to obtain biobased building blocks derived from carbohydrates according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), and their usefulness in synthesizing surfactants is presented. This provides an organized inventory of the knowledge around the synthesis–production of surfactants from carbohydrate derivatives, emphasizing raw materials that could be inserted into the circular bioeconomy concept. Finally, the current industry trends and the potential role of biobased surfactants around new dioxane regulations are discussed.

show abstract

Section: New Dioxane Regulations As An Opportunity For Biobased Surfa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis

Ortiz

Alvarado

Zambrano³

et al. 2022

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Active substances are the essential ingredients because they determine the desired primary function in most cases [48,49]. In general, formulation aids are indispensable for various reasons, particularly as a vehicle of active matter.…”

Section: Formulation Of a Complex Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Formulation is an ancient concept, although the word has been used only recently. The first formulations made our civilization advance by inventing bronze, steel, and gunpowder; then, it was used in medieval alchemy. When chemistry became a science and with the golden age of organic synthesis, the second formulation period began. This made it possible to create new chemical species and new combinations “à la carte.” However, the research and developments were still carried out by trial and error. Finally, the third period of formulation history began after World War II, when the properties of a system were associated with its ingredients and the way they were assembled or combined. Therefore, the formulation and the systems’ phenomenology were related to the generation of some synergy to obtain a commercial product. Winsor’s formulation studies in the 1950s were enlightening for academy and industries that were studying empirically surfactant-oil-water (SOW) systems. One of its key characteristics was how the interfacial interaction of the adsorbed surfactant with oil and water phases could be equal by varying the physicochemical formulation of the system. Then, Hansen’s solubility parameter in the 1960s helped to reach a further understanding of the affinity of some substances to make them suitable to oil and water phases. In the 1970s, researchers such as Shinoda and Kunieda, and different groups working in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), among them Schechter and Wade’s group at the University of Texas, made formulation become a science by using semiempirical correlations to attain specific characteristics in a system (e.g., low oil-water interfacial tension, formulation of a stable O/W or W/O emulsion, or high-performance solubilization in a bicontinuous microemulsion system at the so-called optimum formulation). Nowadays, over 40 years of studies with the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation equation (HLD) have made it feasible for formulators to improve products in many different applications using surfactants to attain a target system using HLD in its original or its normalized form, i.e., HLDN. Thus, it can be said that there is still current progress being made towards an interdisciplinary applied science with numerical guidelines. In the present work, the state-of-the-art of formulation in multiphase systems containing two immiscible phases like oil and water, and therefore systems with heterogeneous or micro-heterogeneous interfaces, is discussed. Surfactants, from simple to complex or polymeric, are generally present in such systems to solve a wide variety of problems in many areas. Some significant cases are presented here as examples dealing with petroleum, foods, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, detergency, and other products occurring as dispersions, emulsions, or foams that we find in our everyday lives.

show abstract