Surgical Options for Aggressive Vertebral Hemangiomas：A case series, literature review and treatment recommendations

Revision total en bloc spondylectomy for a recurrent aggressive vertebral haemangioma of the thoracic spine causing progressive thoracic myelopathy with segmental kyphosis

“…Treatment options for AVH vary based on presentation and severity, with surgical decompression, with or without instrumentation, being the preferred approach in cases of neural compression [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 10 ]. There are some recommendations on the management of VHs [ 7 , 8 , 11 ]. Despite most treatment options providing good outcomes, recurrence is still an issue with varying rates, depending on the treatment method [ 1 ].…”

“…Despite most treatment options providing good outcomes, recurrence is still an issue with varying rates, depending on the treatment method [ 1 ]. The surgical strategy for AVHs remains controversial due to its rarity, with decision-making strategy for the management and the choice of surgical intervention varying dependently over the location and the extension of the tumour [ 6 , 8 , 12 ]. Moreover, reports on treatment strategies for recurrent AVH cases are lacking.…”

“…Despite local recurrence being rare, regular follow-ups to detect recurrence are advised [ 1 , 6 ]. In case of recurrent AVH, however, subsequent treatment strategy usually depends on a case-by-case consideration, whereby reports in the literature are scarce [ 8 ].…”