Surgical Simulation of a Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Glial Scar in Rats

Telegin, G. B.; Minakov, Alexey N.; Chernov, A. S.; Манских, В. Н.; Asyutin, D S; Konovalov, Nikolay; Gabibov, Alexander

doi:10.32607/20758251-2019-11-3-75-81

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Along with these general aspects, the SCI-related local and systemic changes in the central nervous system and immune processes should be assessed on a stage-bystage basis [150,151]. Each phase is characterized by specific prevailing pathogenesis, which is initially linked to the response to injury and targeted at eliminating the damaged cells; then focus moves towards the inflammatory response with the aim of containing the affected area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Telegin¹,

Chernov²,

Belogurov³

et al. 2021

Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain

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The study reviews findings of the recent experiments designed to investigate cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role of key cytokines was assessed in the formation of cellular response to trauma. The specific immunopathogenic interaction of the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods is summarized. The practicality of a step-by-step approach to assessing the cytokine profile in spinal cord injury is shown, the need to take into account the combination of pathogenetic and protective components in the implementation regulatory effects of individual cytokines, their integration into regenerative processes in the damaged spinal cord, which allows a rational approach to the organization of the treatment process and the development of new medicines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Telegin¹,

Chernov²,

Belogurov³

et al. 2021

Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Along with these general aspects, it is important to take into account the phases of local and systemic changes in the central nervous system and the immune processes associated with SCI [ 101 , 102 ]. Each phase is characterized by its own predominant pathogenetic mechanism, which is initially associated with the response to the injury and aims to eliminate the damaged cells; then, the focus moves towards the inflammatory response aiming to confine the affected area to a minimum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile as a marker of cell damage and immune dysfunction after spinal cord injury

et al. 2020

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This study reviews the findings of recent experiments designed to investigate the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role played by key cytokines in eliciting the cellular response to trauma was assessed. The results of the specific immunopathogenetic interaction between the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods are summarized. It was demonstrated that it is reasonable to use the step-by-step approach to the assessment of the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury and take into account the combination of the pathogenetic and protective components in implementing the regulatory effects of individual cytokines and their integration into the regenerative processes in the injured spinal cord. This allows one to rationally organize treatment and develop novel drugs.

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“…The surgical technique was described previously (15,16). Briefly, unilateral laminectomy of Th13 vertebra was performed using a dental drill with a diamond burr of 1 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Surgical Approach and Cryoapplicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Precision Minimally Invasive Method of Glial Scar Simulation in the Rat Spinal Cord Using Cryoapplication

et al. 2021

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According to the World Health Organization, every year worldwide up to 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury (SCI). Various animal biomodels are essential for searching for novel protocols and therapeutic approaches for SCI treatment. We have developed an original model of post-traumatic spinal cord glial scarring in rats through cryoapplication. With this method the low-temperature liquid nitrogen is used for the cryodestruction of the spinal cord tissue. Forty-five Sprague Dawley (SD) non-linear male rats of the Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) category were included in this experimental study. A Th13 unilateral hemilaminectomy was performed with dental burr using an operating microscope. A specifically designed cryogenic probe was applied to the spinal cord for one minute through the created bone defect. The animals were euthanized at different time points ranging from 1 to 60 days after cold-induced injury. Their Th12-L1 vertebrae with the injured spinal cord region were removed “en bloc” for histological examination. Our data demonstrate that cryoapplication producing a topical cooling around−20°C, caused a highly standardized transmural lesion of the spinal cord in the dorsoventral direction. The lesion had an “hour-glass” shape on histological sections. During the entire study period (days 1-60 of the post-trauma period), the necrotic processes and the development of the glial scar (lesion evolution) were contained in the surgically approached vertebral space (Th13). Unlike other known experimental methods of SCI simulation (compression, contusion, etc.), the proposed technique is characterized by minimal invasiveness, high precision, and reproducibility. Also, histological findings, lesion size, and postoperative clinical course varied only slightly between different animals. An original design of the cryoprobe used in the study played a primary role in the achieving of these results. The spinal cord lesion's detailed functional morphology is described at different time points (1–60 days) after the produced cryoinjury. Also, changes in the number of macrophages at distinct time points, neoangiogenesis and the formation of the glial scar's fibrous component, including morphodynamic characteristics of its evolution, are analyzed. The proposed method of cryoapplication for inducing reproducible glial scars could facilitate a better understanding of the self-recovery processes in the damaged spinal cord. It would be evidently helpful for finding innovative approaches to the SCI treatment.

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Surgical Simulation of a Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Glial Scar in Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Cytokine profile as a marker of cell damage and immune dysfunction after spinal cord injury

A New Precision Minimally Invasive Method of Glial Scar Simulation in the Rat Spinal Cord Using Cryoapplication

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