Surrogate based continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement

Abstract

Arterial blood pressure is one of the most often measured vital parameters in clinical practice. State-of-the-art noninvasive ABP measurement technologies have noticeable limitations and are mainly based on uncomfortable techniques of complete or partial arterial occlusion by cuffs. Most commonplace devices provide only intermittent measurements, and continuous systems are bulky and difficult to apply correctly for nonprofessionals. Continuous cuffless ABP measurements are still an unmet clinical need and a topic of ongoing research, with only few commercially available devices. This paper discusses surrogate-based noninvasive blood pressure measurement techniques. It covers measurement methods of continuously and noninvasively inferring BP from surrogate signals without applying external pressures, except for reference or initialization purposes. The BP is estimated by processing signal features, so called surrogates, which are modulated by variations of BP. Discussed techniques include well-known approaches such as pulse transit time and pulse arrival time techniques, pulse wave analysis or combinations thereof. Despite a long research history, these methods have not found widespread use in clinical and ambulatory practice, in part due to technical limitations and the lack of a standardized regulatory framework. This work summarizes findings from an invited workshop of experts in the fields covering clinical expertise, engineering aspects, commercialization and standardization issues. The goal is to provide an application driven outlook, starting with clinical needs, and extending to technical actuality. It provides an outline of recommended research directions and includes a detailed overview of clinical use case scenarios for these technologies, opportunities, and limitations.

Blood pressure altering method affects correlation with pulse arrival time

“…While some studies argue that simple PAT measurements are inaccurate due to PEP variability [ 7 ] others have demonstrated better accuracy of PAT compared to PTT [ 8 ]. Extensive research on PAT has demonstrated its relative dependency on BP changes [ 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 ]. Still, a key challenge is the transformation of PAT as a single parameter to both SBP and DBP.…”

Application of Independent Component Analysis and Nelder–Mead Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Non-Contact Blood Pressure Estimation

“…Therefore, the heart is considered a periodic pressure pump based on Newton’s second law and the elasticity assumption. The Radial Resonance Theory (RRT) [ 23 ] was proposed in order that the arterial system is viewed as a transmission system for blood wave propagation and as a combination of various natural modes or inherent vibrations. RRT can provide a blood pressure calculation model and integrate the pulse wave signal with the body mass index to develop an extended linear model for blood pressure prediction.…”

“…It is expected that the faces in a dataset will be focused on, and computer training datasets can locate facial landmarks through facial alignment and angle. There are primarily 68 (x, y) coordinates for facial landmarks; these map facial points distributed across the chin (1-17), right eyebrow (18)(19)(20)(21)(22), left eyebrow (23)(24)(25)(26)(27), nose (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36), right eye (37-42), left eye (43-48), and mouth (49-68). This paper introduces an additional 13 points on the forehead (69-81) to improve accuracy in the facial recognition, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Hypertension Risk Assessment from Photoplethysmographic Recordings Using Deep Learning Classifiers

“…The most common noninvasive technique for BP measurement are based on uncomfortable arterial occlusion by inflatable cuffs where adequate accuracy is offered but only provide intermittent measurement and needs to be applied by professionals [3]. Recent advances in sensor technology have developed unobstructive cuffless devices to measure physiological parameters anytime.…”