Surveillance and diagnosis of zoonotic foodborne parasites

Abstract

Foodborne parasites are a source of human parasitic infection. Zoonotic infections of humans arise from a variety of domestic and wild animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses, pigs, boars, bears, felines, canids, amphibians, reptiles, poultry, and aquatic animals such as fishes and shrimp. Therefore, the implementation of efficient, accessible, and controllable inspection policies for livestock, fisheries, slaughterhouses, and meat processing and packaging companies is highly recommended. In addition, more attention should be paid to the education of auditors from the quality control (QC) and assurance sectors, livestock breeders, the fishery sector, and meat inspection veterinarians in developing countries with high incidence of zoonotic parasitic infections. Furthermore, both the diagnosis of zoonotic parasitic infections by inexpensive, accessible, and reliable identification methods and the organization of effective control systems with sufficient supervision of product quality are other areas to which more attention should be paid. In this review, we present some examples of successful inspection policies and recent updates on present conventional, serologic, and molecular diagnostic methods for zoonotic foodborne parasites from both human infection and animal‐derived foods.

Proteomic and Bioinformatic Investigations of Heat-Treated Anisakis simplex Third-Stage Larvae

“…Anisakis spp. is one of the most important fish-borne parasites [2]. Live third-stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis simplex consumed with fish or seafood dishes can cause a human disease called anisakiasis.…”

“…Foodborne parasites are one of the most important causative agents of human infectious diseases, especially in less developed countries [ 1 , 2 ]. The climate changes, new feeding habits, and globalization of food supply chains may increase the worldwide incidence of some foodborne diseases [ 3 , 4 ].…”

“…Protein name according to the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt);2 InterPro families and InterPro domains were predicted using OmicsBox software; 3 the theoretical molecular weight (Mw) in daltons (Da) and theoretical isoelectric point (pI) were estimated using the ExPASy Compute pI/Mw tool;4 Mascote score, coverage (in %), and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) were calculated as the average of three biological replicates using values derived from Mascot; 5 not detected.…”

Use of Veterinary Vaccines for Livestock as a Strategy to Control Foodborne Parasitic Diseases

“…(Fegan and Jenson, 2018 ) ( Figure 1 ). In fact, whereas T. solium, T. gondii , and T. spiralis represent a potential harm to human health mainly due to the consumption of undercooked meat or raw food derived from infected animals (Zolfaghari Emameh et al, 2018 ), E. granulosus and Cryptosporidium spp. are transmitted by other pathways, such as waterborne transmission, direct animal contact, and food contamination ( Table 1 ).…”

Parasitic helminth infections of dogs, wolves, foxes, and golden jackals in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran

“…Although wild carnivores have an important role in natural or biological equivalence, these species are potential reservoirs of many parasites, including those that are shared between pets and humans [ 6 ]. The exchange of parasites between animals and humans can happen through the ingestion of eggs and cysts (with contaminated food, vegetables, or drinking water) or by the penetration of larvae through the skin [ 7 , 8 ]. The previous studies in Mazandaran and other areas of the world, including Nigeria, Australia, Belgium, and Hawaii, have shown a high rate of helminthic infections in carnivores [ 9 - 11 ].…”