Survey of Error Concealment techniques: Research directions and open issues

Usman, Muhammad; He, Xiangjian; Xu, Min; Lam, Kin Man

doi:10.1109/pcs.2015.7170081

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Spatial Error Concealment (SEC), also known as Intra EC, is pixel based approach and use information from neighborhood blocks to estimate the missing ones [16].…”

Section: A Spatial Error Concealmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frame Interpolation for Cloud-Based Mobile Video Streaming

Usman

Lam

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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Cloud-based High Definition (HD) video streaming is becoming more and more popular day by day. On one hand, it is important for both end users and large storage servers to store their huge amount of data on different servers at different locations from security and mobile availability point of views, especially for end users having small amount of storage in their mobile devices. On the other hand, it is becoming a big challenge for network service providers to provide constant and reliable connectivity to the network users. There have been many studies over cloud-based video streaming for Quality of Experience (QoE) for services like Youtube. Packet losses and bit errors are very common in transmission networks, producing annoying effects such as frame freezing and blocky artifacts, which affects the user feedback over cloud-based media services. To cover up packet losses and bit errors, Error Concealment (EC) techniques are usually applied at decoder/receiver side to estimate the lost information. This paper proposes a time efficient and quality oriented EC method. The proposed method considers H.265/HEVC based Intra-encoded videos for the estimation of whole Intra-frame loss. The unsliced mode of H.265 is targeted for the proposed approach. The main emphasis in the proposed approach is the recovery of Motion Vectors (MVs) of a lost frame in real-time. The search to find the optimum MV is performed in parallel in nearby four sub-blocks in the reference frame. To boost-up the search process for the lost MVs, a bigger block size and searching in parallel are both considered. The simulation results clearly show that our proposed method outperforms the traditional Block Matching Algorithm (BMA) by approximately 2.5 dB and Frame Copy (FC) by up to 12 dB at a Packet Loss Rates of 1%, 3% and 5% with different Quantization Parameters (QPs). The computational time of the proposed approach outperforms the BMA by approximately 1,788 seconds. The proposed technique can readily be applied for real-time cloudbased HD video streaming.

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“…The Spatial Error Concealment (SEC), also known as Intra EC, is pixel based approach and use information from neighborhood blocks to estimate the missing ones [16].…”

Section: A Spatial Error Concealmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Temporal Error Concealment (TEC), also known as Inter EC, uses the correlation between video frames to find out the MVs of lost block of pixels [16].…”

Section: B Temporal Error Concealmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frame Interpolation for Cloud-Based Mobile Video Streaming

Usman

Lam

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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“…Because of the high compression performance of video coding standards (such as H.264/MPEG advanced video coding (AVC)), the compressed stream is more vulnerable to transmission errors, and an error can propagate from one frame to consecutive ones and lead to persistent visual artifacts [4]. Different error concealment (EC) approaches have been proposed in the literature [5], which try to conceal lost areas by exploiting the inherent correlations between spatially [6] or temporally [7] adjacent pixels, or both [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of H.264 Non-Desynchronizing Bits on Visual Quality and its Application to Robust Video Decoding

Golaghazadeh

Coulombe

Coudoux

et al. 2018

2018 12th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)

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In this paper, the concept of non-desynchronizing bits (NDBs) is defined in the context of H.264 video as a bit whose inversion does not cause desynchronization at the bitstream level or change the number of decoded macroblocks. We established that, on the whole, NDBs make up about a third (about 30%) of a bitstream, and that their flipping effect on visual quality is mostly insignificant. In most cases (90%), the PSNR value obtained when modifying an NDB is very close to the intact value. The performance of the proposed non-desync-based decoding framework, which retains a corrupted packet, under the condition of not causing desynchronization, has been compared to the JM-FC and a state-of-the-art concealment approach using the STBMA approach, and on average, respectively, provides 3.5 dB and 1.42 dB gain over them. Index Terms-video transmission, H.264, syntax elements, nondesynchronizing bit, concealment This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant.

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“…The random mode is a combination of I, P and B-frames with a facility to access any part of a frame. This mode offers better compression as compared to the low-delay mode and is mainly used for contents storage with almost 31% reduction in bit rate [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptography-based secure data storage and sharing using HEVC and public clouds

Usman

Jan

2017

Information Sciences

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Mobile devices are widely used for uploading/downloading media files such as audio, video and images to/from the remote servers. These devices have limited resources and are required to offload resource-consuming media processing tasks to the clouds for further processing. Migration of these tasks means that the media services provided by the clouds need to be authentic and trusted by the mobile users. The existing schemes for secure exchange of media files between the mobile devices and the clouds have limitations in terms of memory support, processing load, battery power, and data size. These schemes lack the support for large-sized video files and are not suitable for resource-constrained mobile devices. This paper proposes a secure, lightweight, robust, and efficient scheme for data exchange between the mobile users and the media clouds. The proposed scheme considers High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Intra-encoded video streams in unsliced mode as a source for data hiding. Our proposed scheme aims to support real-time processing with power-saving constraint in mind. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is used as a base encryption technique by our proposed scheme. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed scheme outperforms AES-256 by decreasing the processing time up to 4.76% and increasing the data size up to 0.72% approximately. The proposed scheme can readily be applied to real-time cloud media streaming.

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Survey of Error Concealment techniques: Research directions and open issues

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Frame Interpolation for Cloud-Based Mobile Video Streaming

Frame Interpolation for Cloud-Based Mobile Video Streaming

The Impact of H.264 Non-Desynchronizing Bits on Visual Quality and its Application to Robust Video Decoding

Cryptography-based secure data storage and sharing using HEVC and public clouds

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