Survey of Recent Developments

Strategi Dan Proses Pengurangan Defisit Anggaran Pemerintah

“…Karena dalam aspek penerimaan, pemerintah selalu memasukkan penerimaan dari pinjaman luar negeri dalam sisi penerimaan, yang sebenarnya penerimaan ini adalah cerminan dari defisit yang diderita pemerintah dan harus dibiayai dari pinjaman luar negeri yang disebutkan. Dengan demikian struktur anggaran berimbang lebih tepat disebut dengan struktur anggaran defisit seperti yang kemudian direvisi oleh pemerintah zaman Presiden Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid dan terakhir Megawati (Arief dan Sasono, 1987, Arief, 1998Tarmidi dan Wijaya, 2000dan 2001Pangestu dan Goeltom, 2001dan Siregar, 2001. Sejak zaman pemerintahan tiga presiden yang terakhir seperti yang disebutkan struktur dan format anggaran sudah total berubah dengan mencantumkan besarnya surplus jika ada dan atau defisit dalam anggaran yang merupakan selisih antara penerimaan yakni "Pendapatan Negara Dan Hibah" dengan pengeluaran yaitu "Belanja Negara".…”

The Politics of Development Policy and Development Policy Reform in New Order Indonesia

“…74 But to make matters worse, democratization in Indonesia, as in Thailand, has been accompanied by a new and more virulent breed of corruption. With democratization, Suharto's monopoly control of corruption networks has fragmented into a large number of competing corruption networks centered in the legislature (Pangestu andGoeltom, 2001: 299 andAthukorala, 2002: 143), the conglomerates (Dick, 2001: 13), and several important government agencies such as the judiciary (Malley, 2003: 143-144), the central bank (Athukorala, 2002: 143-144) and the customs office (Athukorola, 2002: 144). There is growing evidence that these new corruption networks are undermining both the economic reform program and investor confidence.…”

Volatile Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Performance in Indonesia: An SVAR Analysis

“…This was a period characterised by political instability, persistent capital outflows, inflationary pressures, and exchange rate volatility. Investor sentiment remained fragile, and the level of the nominal (US$/Rp) exchange rate-whose plunge in 1997 had signalled the catastrophic collapse of the financial system and the economy-became an important signal of confidence (Pangestu & Goeltom, 2001). Hence Bank Indonesia (or BI, the Indonesian central bank) has frequently intervened to maintain the level of the exchange rate within "acceptable" bounds with the aim of anchoring investor confidence.…”