Survey on network flow watermarking: model, interferences, applications, technologies and security

Zhang, Liancheng; Kong, Yazhou; Guo, Yi; Yan, Juwei; Wang, Zhenxing

doi:10.1049/iet-com.2017.1053

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The maximum absolute difference between the CDFs of the distributions for the reference and examination window is used in the KS test analysis [16, 29]. Here, the test statistic and threshold considered for the two‐sample KS test is [17]

T ()(, X_{KS}) = \max ()(, (||, F_{Reference} ()(, P) - F_{Examination} ()(, P))),

T_{H} = \Pr (}{, T ()(, X_{Examination}) > T ()(, X_{Reference}, α)),

where F is the theoretical CDF being tested for test statistics.…”

Section: Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of different interference detection techniques for navigation with Indian constellation

Lineswala

Shah

2019

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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T ()(, X_{KS}) = \max ()(, (||, F_{Reference} ()(, P) - F_{Examination} ()(, P))),

T_{H} = \Pr (}{, T ()(, X_{Examination}) > T ()(, X_{Reference}, α)),

where F is the theoretical CDF being tested for test statistics.…”

Section: Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of different interference detection techniques for navigation with Indian constellation

Lineswala

Shah

2019

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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“…To compare the performance of different receivers with SBAS and RTK signal correction, we did not compare replications with a loss of signal correction. The number of replications may increase accuracy (Zhang et al, 2018) and improve the capacity of a statistical test to detect smaller differences between estimates of the means of treatments (Danilogorskaya et al, 2017). Sensitivity of a statistical test is largely influenced by sample size.…”

Section: Rmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A statistical approach to static and dynamic tests for Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers used in agricultural operations

Maldaner

Canata

Dias

et al. 2021

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The adaptation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology to fit the needs of farmers requires knowledge of the accuracy level delivered by a GNSS receiver in working conditions. To date, no methodology indicates the minimum number of replications to perform a statistical comparison. This study aims to advance knowledge on the methodological approach for evaluating the static and dynamic performance of GNSS receivers commonly used in agricultural operations. For the static test, a supporting frame in the ground carried all the receivers with coordinates properly transported. In the dynamic test, a circular rail with a 9.55 m radius was installed at ground level with a platform driven by an electric motor to carry the receivers at a constant speed. The transversal error of the receiver to the circular reference line was measured. The error with 95 % probability (E95) to receivers without differential correction ranged between 4.22 m and 0.85 m in the static test, and 2.25 m and 0.98 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with differential correction had E 95 values below 0.10 m in the static test and 0.16 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with C/A code require five replications at minimum and 13 replications are needed for L1/L2 with differential correction signals in the dynamic test. The static test needs nine replications for C/A and five for L1/L2 with differential correction signals.

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“…Both ICBW and DIBCW embed watermarks use the combined interval centroid difference value in the A and B groups [37], [38]. The ICBFW watermarking scheme proposed by Zhang et al uses only one set of intervals to embed the watermark [14], [39].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Invisibility Of Common Interval Centroid Based Watermarking Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

An Intrusion Tracking Watermarking Scheme

Hou

Tan

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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With the rapid development of edge computing technology, the scale of the network continues to expand. Various types of applications are becoming more widespread. In the edge computing, existing network agents, NAT, IP tunneling technologies, and rapidly evolving anonymous communication systems provide convenience for attackers to hide real IP. In addition, the attacker forms a ''stepping'' chain by breaking through several intermediate systems of the edge computing network. Thereby implementing an invisible intrusion attack across multiple autonomous domains can increase the difficulty of intrusion tracking. Aiming at the problem of insufficient applicability of existing interval centroid based watermarking technique, this paper proposes a histogram specified interval centroid-based watermarking technique. It improves crossdomain collaborative intrusion tracking. This technique improves the resistance of the prior art to multiflow attacks in edge computing. It decreases the time and space overhead of the detector. Compared with other interval centroid based watermarking techniques, this method has stronger concealment. The proposed method can effectively defend against multi-flow attacks of edge computing. The time and space overhead of the detector can be reduced when multiple attack flows are tracked in parallel. Thus, it is suitable for edge computing. The robustness and adaptability are improved by this method.INDEX TERMS Edge computing, intrusion tracking watermarking, network flow.

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Survey on network flow watermarking: model, interferences, applications, technologies and security

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Performance analysis of different interference detection techniques for navigation with Indian constellation

Performance analysis of different interference detection techniques for navigation with Indian constellation

A statistical approach to static and dynamic tests for Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers used in agricultural operations

An Intrusion Tracking Watermarking Scheme

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