Survival of white-tailed deer in intensively farmed areas of Illinois

Nixon, Charles M.; Hansen, Lonnie P.; Brewer, Paul; Chelsvig, James E.; Esker, Terry L.; Etter, Dwayne R.; Sullivan, Joseph B.; Koerkenmeier, Robert G.; Mankin, Philip C.

doi:10.1139/cjz-79-4-581

Cited by 69 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2005; Oyer, Matthews & Skuld 2007). Further, while male‐biased dispersal was detected with our genetic data, telemetry data suggests that both sexes disperse in Illinois (Nixon et al. 1991; Hansen, Nixon & Beringer 1997; Nixon et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

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Utilizing disease surveillance to examine gene flow and dispersal in white‐tailed deer

Kelly

Mateus‐Pinilla

Douglas

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1.The prevention and management of transmissible diseases hinges upon understanding host dispersal because it influences distribution of wildlife, affects the rate of disease transmission, and alters the spatial distribution of infection. The relationship between host dispersal and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is of interest because potential interspecies transmission of fatal prion diseases creates serious risks for wildlife, domestic species, and humans. 2. We used molecular techniques to examine dispersal in a population of Illinois white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus. Sampled individuals inhabited areas with confirmed cases of CWD, a transmissible prion disease of cervids, with additional sampling in uninfected locations. We genotyped 1410 deer harvested through CWD surveillance using 10 microsatellites and measured gene flow, determined population structure and quantified gender-specific differences in dispersal. Additionally we used spatial autocorrelation and parentage assignments to examine individual movements. 3. Female deer demonstrated philopatry as evidenced by higher levels of genetic structure, positive spatial autocorrelation and maternity assignments within one home range. 4. Male deer were less genetically structured and frequently exchanged genes across >100 km. 5. Synthesis and applications. Dispersal contributes to the spread of wildlife diseases. Therefore, knowledge of wildlife movement patterns can enhance the efficacy of disease control programmes. Our findings show that samples collected for disease surveillance are useful for measuring gene flow and inferring dispersal in white-tailed deer. High genetic admixture indicates males disperse regardless of landscape features. In contrast, distinct clustering of females demonstrates localized dispersal and philopatry. Taken together, results suggest that CWD surveillance and culling of males should be broadly expanded after an outbreak. Furthermore, surveillance of hunter-harvested deer can be used to identify locales in which CWD occurs, and this information should be used to focus culling efforts on females within genetically defined clusters ('matriarchal groups'). Removal of matriarchal groups at those locations will reduce horizontal transmission more than widely distributed population reductions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…Distances between assigned pairs ranged from 1 to 4 km with an average distance of 2·9 km. Half of the mother‐offspring pairs detected were within the same home range, while the other half were separated by distances equivalent to adjacent home ranges (per Nixon et al. 1991 for deer in RAP).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing disease surveillance to examine gene flow and dispersal in white‐tailed deer

Kelly

Mateus‐Pinilla

Douglas

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Although the nature and persistence of these interactions are still under study [3], [6], [7], this general pattern has widespread acceptance and is sometimes referred to as the “Rose-petal theory” [11]. However, deer social behavior, site fidelity, and spatial overlap can vary among different habitats deer density, and hunting pressure [12], [13], [14], [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Spatial Overlap and Relatedness of White-tailed Deer in a Chronic Wasting Disease Management Zone

et al. 2013

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Wildlife disease transmission, at a local scale, can occur from interactions between infected and susceptible conspecifics or from a contaminated environment. Thus, the degree of spatial overlap and rate of contact among deer is likely to impact both direct and indirect transmission of infectious diseases such chronic wasting disease (CWD) or bovine tuberculosis. We identified a strong relationship between degree of spatial overlap (volume of intersection) and genetic relatedness for female white-tailed deer in Wisconsin’s area of highest CWD prevalence. We used volume of intersection as a surrogate for contact rates between deer and concluded that related deer are more likely to have contact, which may drive disease transmission dynamics. In addition, we found that age of deer influences overlap, with fawns exhibiting the highest degree of overlap with other deer. Our results further support the finding that female social groups have higher contact among related deer which can result in transmission of infectious diseases. We suggest that control of large social groups comprised of closely related deer may be an effective strategy in slowing the transmission of infectious pathogens, and CWD in particular.

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“…Studying feeding preferences over different seasons can thus improve our understanding of temporal variation in nutritional requirements of large herbivores. In addition, in North America, high population density of white‐tailed deer causes severe damage to tree regeneration (Tilghman 1989), decreases survival of preferred plant species (Côté et al 2004), and damages agricultural crops (Nixon et al 1991). For these reasons, deer are often considered a nuisance and there is growing concern regarding their feeding habits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are feeding preferences of white‐tailed deer related to plant constituents?

et al. 2011

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Controlled feeding experiments can provide valuable insights into food selection of herbivores. We conducted cafeteria trials on captive yearling white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during 2 years to determine feeding preferences in relation to plant chemical constituents, i.e., nitrogen and fibers. We simultaneously offered 8 species of cultivated and wild plants in monthly foraging trials conducted from June to October. We predicted that species preferences would be positively related to protein content from June to August and to digestible energy in September and October. As predicted, crude protein (CP) was positively related to feeding preferences, particularly as summer progressed. Feeding preferences were also negatively related to fiber content, especially in early summer. Our results indicate high protein needs over the complete growing season for yearling deer but a decrease in overall plant selectivity as summer progresses. Our results also suggest that deer browsing on cultivated plants might be due to higher CP content of cultivated plants than wild plants. To prevent deer impact on crops, managers should favor regeneration of plants rich in CP content in forests. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

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Survival of white-tailed deer in intensively farmed areas of Illinois

Cited by 69 publications

References 21 publications

Utilizing disease surveillance to examine gene flow and dispersal in white‐tailed deer

Utilizing disease surveillance to examine gene flow and dispersal in white‐tailed deer

Evaluating Spatial Overlap and Relatedness of White-tailed Deer in a Chronic Wasting Disease Management Zone

Are feeding preferences of white‐tailed deer related to plant constituents?

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