Survival under chronic stress from sediment load: Spatial patterns of hard coral communities in the southern islands of Singapore

Dikou, Angela; Woesik, Robert van

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.07.021

Cited by 88 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pectinia paeonia (Veron 2000) and Turbinaria mesenterina (Sofonia and Anthony 2008), are known to be tolerant of moderate to high amounts of sedimentation but others, notably the Acropora species, are generally not. The inferred sedimentation rates tol erated by living corals at Pelumpong are as high as, or higher than, many rates reported elsewhere in the literature (Dodge and Vaisnys 1977, Lane 1991, Dikou and Woesik 2006. It should be pointed out however that in energetic shallow reef environments, sediment traps may at worst provide misleading information on suspended sediment particle behaviour or at best may only approximate sedi ment deposition rates (Storlazzi et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Reef corals in a high sedimentation environment on the ‘Mainland’ coast of Brunei, Northwest Borneo

Lane

Lim

2013

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Reef corals in a high sedimentation environment on the ‘Mainland’ coast of Brunei, Northwest Borneo

Lane

Lim

2013

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies

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“…This recovery is attributed to there being no accompanying stresses and the powerful regeneration of surviving dominant massive corals after the dredging event [22]. For example, massive Porites can tolerate sediment deposition through heavy mucous secretion, trapping and subsequent sloughing and regenerate living tissues over formerly dead surfaces [22,47].…”

Section: The Recovery Process and Its Impacting Factors On Xiaodonghamentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral community changes in response to a high sedimentation event: A case study in southern Hainan Island

Huang

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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A high sedimentation event caused by dredging and dumping of sediment was recorded on Xiaodonghai Reef in Yulin Bay, southern Hainan Island, China. Significantly high sedimentation and constant light shading were observed during the sediment dumping event (SD Event). Using long-term video transects, we quantified coral community changes and responses to the SD Event between 2008 and 2010. The SD Event caused severe coral mortality on Xiaodonghai Reef at a depth of 6 m, while corals at 3 m were less affected. Total live coral cover at 6 m decreased from 54.3% to 14.8%, and Diploastrea heliopora replaced Galaxea fascicularis as the dominant coral species at 6 and 9 m. The density of juvenile corals also declined after the SD Event, especially for the genera Galaxea and Platygyra. However, the density of juvenile Porites and Pocillopora spp. slightly increased. Monitoring for 11 months after the SD Event indicated no recovery of coral communities on Xiaodonghai Reef. Long-term video transect data also revealed that mean live coral cover dramatically declined, from 30.5% in 2008 to 9% in 2010, while the dominant corals in Yulin Bay shifted to more tolerant coral species, such as massive Porites spp. and D. heliopora. The rapid coral community degradation in Yulin Bay between 2008 and 2010 was probably caused by high sediment deposition resulting from intensive dredging and land-clearing activities. These results highlight the necessity for an integrated watershed management to control sediment deposition on near-shore coral reefs. Of the 704 scleractinian coral species that could be assigned conservation status, 32.8% are in categories with elevated risk of extinction [3]. Scleractinian coral communities are sensitive to many disturbances, such as thermal stress [4,5], ocean acidification [6], outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster planci) [7,8], overfishing [9], typhoon damage [9] and terrestrial pollution [10]. Coral bleaching and ocean acidification resulting from climate change have become the main threats to coral reef on a global scale, whereas on regional scales, terrestrial pollution (especially heavy sedimentation) has become the main threat to inshore coral reefs [6,11,12]. Heavy sedimentation may result in light shading, sediment abrasion on the coral surface, smothering of coral tissues and may eventually lead to its death [13,14]. Heavy sedimentation results in fewer coral species, less live coral, lower coral growth rates, reduced coral recruitment, decreased calcification, decreased net productivity of corals, and slower rates of reef accretion

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“…The conclusion from those studies showed that even though the terrestrial sedimentation can affect the coral mapping, its effect to the shallow SCW is not obvious due to its tidal currents system and heavy mixture of marine waters that can dilute the fluvial sediment sources from their influence towards the coral reef grow [28]. Besides, the observed low sedimentation rates on coral area located at SCW (typically 5-20 mg/cm 2 /day) was found to have minimal impact toward the coral reefs [12,13], which it showed that the true reason of SCW coral map shrinking is still inconclusive. For this reason, a different coral reefs modelling study has to be conducted to determine the exact reason for coral map shrinking at SCW.…”

Section: Introduction and Motivation Statementmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The common approach to study their disappearance/growth was either by investigating the factors of: 1) sedimentation and turbidity [28], 2) penetrating light-intensity due to sedimentation [12,18], or 3)…”

Section: Introduction and Motivation Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the observed low sedimentation rates on coral area located at SCW (typically 5-20 mg/cm 2 /day) was found to have minimal impact toward the coral reefs [12,13], which it showed that the true reason of SCW coral map shrinking is still inconclusive. For this reason, a different coral reefs modelling study has to be conducted to determine the exact reason for coral map shrinking at SCW.…”

Section: Introduction and Motivation Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual hydrodynamic-thermal mapping modelling for coral reefs at south Singapore sea

2016

Applied Ocean Research

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Coral reefs are important ecosystems that not only provide shelter and breeding ground for many marine species, but can also control of carbon dioxide level in ocean and act as coastal protection mechanism. Reduction of coral reefs at Singapore coastal waters (SCW) region remains as an important study to identify the environmental impact from its busy industrial activities especially at the surrounding of Jurong Island in the south. This kind of study at SCW was often being related to issues such as turbidity, sedimentation, pollutant transport (from industry activities) effects in literatures, but seldom investigated from the thermal change aspect. In this paper, a computational model was constructed using the Delft3D hydrodynamic module to produce wave simulations on sea regions surrounding Singapore Island. The complicated semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal wave events experienced by SCW were simulated for two weeks duration and compared to the Admiralty measured data. To simulate the thermal mapping at the south Singapore coastal waters (SSCW) region, we first adapted a conversion of industrial to thermal discharge; then from the discharge affected area a thermal map was further computed to compare with the measured coral map. The outcomes show that the proposed novel thermal modelling approach has quite precisely simulated the coral map at SSCW, with the condition that the near-field thermal sources are considered (with the coverage area in the limit of 20km x 20km).Keywords: Coral reefs; hydrodynamics; Singapore coastal waters (SCW); thermal map 2 1 Introduction and Motivation StatementSingapore is regarded as one of the busiest island countries connecting the world by its shipping and haulage activities. In recent years various industrial activities have boomingly growing at Singapore and causing various environmental impacts to its surrounding waters. Thus an in-depth hydrodynamic understanding of the surrounding sea and coastal area of Singapore Island is crucial in seeking solution to the rising environmental issues. In the research of Singapore coastal waters (SCW) hydrodynamic numerical modelling, there are a numbers of difficulty that were constantly suggested in various studies [3,19,22,25,33], especially for the modelling surrounded Strait of Singapore. They include:(1) the effects diurnal to semi-diurnal tides that occur in between Singapore, Malay Peninsula and Indonesian Sumatra, (2) the huge amounts of small islands exist around Singapore (that causes difficulty in numerical meshes assignation), and (3) the effect from seasonal flow, such as Monsoon season. These difficulties couple with the grids resolution restrictions in various parts of SCW post a great challenge in the search of a numerically robust approach to reproduce its tidal currents.During the development of hydrodynamic models for SCW, published studies using various software packages (i.e. Delft3D, MIKE, POM and FVCOM) have been intensely conducted since last two decades. Among them, most studies were done using either two-di...

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Survival under chronic stress from sediment load: Spatial patterns of hard coral communities in the southern islands of Singapore

Cited by 88 publications

References 34 publications

Reef corals in a high sedimentation environment on the ‘Mainland’ coast of Brunei, Northwest Borneo

Reef corals in a high sedimentation environment on the ‘Mainland’ coast of Brunei, Northwest Borneo

Coral community changes in response to a high sedimentation event: A case study in southern Hainan Island

Conceptual hydrodynamic-thermal mapping modelling for coral reefs at south Singapore sea

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