Survival yield comparison between ESI and SAII: Mechanistic implications

Fenner, Madeline A.; McEwen, Charles N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2014.07.023

Cited by 22 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Understanding of ionization mechanisms is important to obtain the best available results for samples. As aforementioned, ionization mechanisms of SAII and zvPSI have been discussed previously . The main question is how charged droplets are created from initially neutral droplets without electric potential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The most attractive feature of SAII is no extra voltage, laser and nebulizing gas is required to obtain gas‐phase analyte ions, which simplifies or even eliminates the conventional ion sources attached to a mass spectrometer. Potential ionization mechanisms of SAII have been proposed by McEwen, Trimpin and co‐workers . According to these reports, thermally induced charge separation within the droplets is suggested be responsible for the generation of primary charged droplets inside the inlet capillary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero volt paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct analysis of samples on filter paper substrate

Motoyama¹,

Kihara²

2015

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero volt paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct analysis of samples on filter paper substrate

Motoyama¹,

Kihara²

2015

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Briefly, in inlet ionization (Movie S1, supporting information), an inlet tube connects atmospheric pressure with sub‐atmospheric pressure and, depending on the matrix and inlet geometry used, optimizes at different inlet temperatures, similar to different voltages used in ESI and laser fluence in MALDI. An illustration is shown in Figure for several matrices used in MS (Scheme ) in which a few tenths of a μL of a co‐crystallized sample of the respective matrix solution is mixed with a 1 ppm solution of gramicidin S on a microscope cover slip slide, allowed to dry, and a small particle is introduced into the inlet.…”

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a temperature range from 70 to 400 °C on an Orbitrap Q‐Exactive Focus mass spectrometer produces for 3‐NBN matrix exceptionally high analyte ion abundance without the need for high voltages or a laser , while other matrices, especially typical MALDI matrices, produce less abundant analyte ions, multiply and singly charged, and only at high temperatures. The temperature can be applied directly or indirectly to the tube, typically used as an ESI inlet . Charge separation occurs after the matrix is introduced to sub‐atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Trimpin

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

110

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Together with my group and collaborators, I have been fortunate to have had a key role in the discovery of new ionization processes that we developed into new flexible, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and robust ionization technologies and methods for use in mass spectrometry (MS). Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes which convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solids or liquids into gas-phase ions for analysis by MS using e.g. mass selected fragmentation and ion mobility spectrometry to provide reproducible, accurate, and improved mass and drift time resolution. In my view, the apex was the discovery of vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (vMAI) in 2012 on an intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source without the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy. Only exposure of the matrix:analyte to the sub-atmospheric pressure of the mass spectrometer was necessary to initiate ionization. These findings were initially rejected by three different scientific journals, with comments related to 'how can this work?', 'where do the charges come from?', and 'it is not analytically useful'. Meanwhile, we, and others have demonstrated analytical utility without a complete understanding of the mechanism. In reality, MALDI and electrospray ionization are widely used in science and their mechanisms are still controversially discussed despite use and optimization of now 30 years. This Perspective covers applications, and mechanistic aspects of the novel ionization processes for use in MS that guided us in instrument developments, and provides our perspective on how they relate to traditional ionization processes.

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“…It is difficult to attribute results to the ion suppression issue described in MALDI and ESI [55,56] considering the ICP-MS results, showing that MAI and MALDI both overrepresented the concentration of Eu-PEG products. Additionally, initial results from ionizing thermometer molecules using MAI indicate that MAI is harsher for small molecules than ESI [57] and the fact that typical capillary and extraction voltages were applied making fragmentation of the Eu-PEG product during ionization unlikely because of the inherently softer ionization afforded by ESI relative to MALDI [58].…”

Section: Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix-Assisted Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Selective Analysis of a Europium–PEG Complex in a Crude Mixture

Fischer

Lutomski

El‐Baba

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. The analytical utility of a new and simple to use ionization method, matrixassisted ionization (MAI), coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) is used to characterize a 2-armed europium(III)-containing poly(-ethylene glycol) (Eu-PEG) complex directly from a crude sample. MAI was used with the matrix 1,2-dicyanobenzene, which affords low chemical background relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). MAI provides high ion abundance of desired products in comparison to ESI and MALDI. Inductively coupled plasma-MS measurements were used to estimate a maximum of 10% of the crude sample by mass was the 2-arm Eu-PEG complex, supporting evidence of selective ionization of Eu-PEG complexes using the new MAI matrix, 1,2-dicyanobenzene. Multiply charged ions formed in MAI enhance the IMS gas-phase separation, especially relative to the singly charged ions observed with MALDI. Individual components are cleanly separated and readily identified, allowing characterization of the 2-arm Eu-PEG conjugate from a mixture of the 1-arm Eu-PEG complex and unreacted starting materials. Size-exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography at critical conditions, MALDI-MS, ESI-MS, and ESI-IMS-MS had difficulties with this analysis, or failed.

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Survival yield comparison between ESI and SAII: Mechanistic implications

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Zero volt paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct analysis of samples on filter paper substrate

Zero volt paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct analysis of samples on filter paper substrate

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Matrix-Assisted Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Selective Analysis of a Europium–PEG Complex in a Crude Mixture

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