Susceptibility of irradiated mice to Bacillus anthracis Sterne by the intratracheal route of infection

Brook, Itzhak; Elliott, Thomas B.; Harding, Rita A.; Bouhaouala, S. Samy; Peacock, S.; Ledney, G D; Knudson, Gregory B.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-50-8-702

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The observed B. anthracis Sterne infection with enteric organisms in 7 % (4/58) of mice infected with B. anthracis Sterne spores without irradiation suggests the capability of B. anthracis toxins alone to induce translocation in the nonirradiated host. This conclusion is consistent with our previous study, in which translocation occurred in up to 8 % (2/25) of non-irradiated mice challenged with toxigenic B. anthracis Sterne but not in gamma-irradiated mice challenged with non-toxigenic B. anthracis˜-Sterne-1 (Brook et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Furthermore, bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in irradiated mice occurred more often if challenged with B. anthracis Sterne than not (36 % vs 3 %; Brook et al, 2001a). This provides further evidence that B. anthracis Sterne is capable of reducing the threshold for translocation.…”

Section: Animals With Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The method used for i.t. inoculation was originally described by Saffiotti et al (1968) and previously described in detail (Brook et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study confirms our previous findings demonstrating an adverse effect in mice by combining exposure to ionizing radiation and i.t. challenge with B. anthracis Sterne spores (Brook et al, 2001a). Therapy of gamma-irradiated mice infected with B. anthracis Sterne would require antimicrobials with a broader spectrum of activity that are effective against B. anthracis Sterne as well as endogenous Gram-positive and Gramnegative translocated flora (Brook & Elliott, 1991;Elliott et al, 2002).…”

Section: Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, disruption of stable gut flora with radiation results in overgrowth of pathogens, translocation and invasion of bacteria, and life-threatening infections. In a previous study, we demonstrated that sublethally gamma-irradiated mice have an increased susceptibility to B. anthracis Sterne and endogenous bacteria infections, with corresponding increases in mortality (Brook et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in mice with or without 60Co gamma-photon irradiation

Brook

Giraldo

Germanà

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Biological agents and ionizing radiation lead to more severe clinical outcomes than either insult alone. This study investigated the survival of non-irradiated and 60 Co-gamma-irradiated mice given therapy for inhalation anthrax with ciprofloxacin (CIP) or a clinically relevant mixture of clarithromycin (CLR) and its major human microbiologically important metabolite 14-hydroxy clarithromycin (14-OH CLR). All B6D2F1/J 10-week-old female mice were inoculated intratracheally with 3 3 10 8 c.f.u. of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores 4 days after the non-lethal 7 Gy dose of 60 Co gamma radiation. Twenty-one days of treatment with CLR/14-OH CLR, 150 mg kg À1 twice daily, or CIP, 16 . 5 mg kg À1 twice daily, began 24 h after inoculation. Pharmacokinetics indicate that the area under the curve (AUC) for 14-OH CLR on the concentration-versus-time graph was slightly higher in gamma-irradiated than non-irradiated animals. Neither drug was able to increase survival in gammairradiated animals. CIP and CLR/14-OH CLR therapies in non-irradiated animals increased survival from 49 % (17/35 mice) in buffer-treated animals to 94 % (33/35) and 100 %, respectively (P , 0 . 001). B. anthracis Sterne only was isolated from 25-50 % of treated mice with or without irradiation. Mixed infections with B. anthracis Sterne were present in 50-71 % of gamma-irradiated mice but only in 5-10 % of mice without irradiation.

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Section: Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Animals With Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The method used for i.t. inoculation was originally described by Saffiotti et al (1968) and previously described in detail (Brook et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in mice with or without 60Co gamma-photon irradiation

Brook

Giraldo

Germanà

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Minimum inhibitory concentrations of herbal essential oils and monolaurin for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

et al. 2005

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New, safe antimicrobial agents are needed to prevent and overcome severe bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Based on our previous experience and that of others, we postulated that herbal essential oils, such as those of origanum, and monolaurin offer such possibilities. We examined in vitro the cidal and/or static effects of oil of origanum, several other essential oils, and monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Mycobacterium terrae. Origanum proved cidal to all tested organisms with the exception of B. anthracis Sterne in which it was static. Monolaurin was cidal to S. aureus and M. terrae but not to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Unlike the other two gram-negative organisms, H. pylori were extremely sensitive to monolaurin. Similar to origanum, monolaurin was static to B. anthracis Sterne. Because of their longstanding safety record, origanum and/or monolaurin, alone or combined with antibiotics, might prove useful in the prevention and treatment of severe bacterial infections, especially those that are difficult to treat and/or are antibiotic resistant.

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The effects of radioactive pollution on the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife

Morley

2012

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Susceptibility of irradiated mice to Bacillus anthracis Sterne by the intratracheal route of infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Comparison of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in mice with or without 60Co gamma-photon irradiation

Comparison of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in mice with or without 60Co gamma-photon irradiation

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of herbal essential oils and monolaurin for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

The effects of radioactive pollution on the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife

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