Sustainable Earth System Engineering: Incentives and Perspectives

The Adoption and Adaption of CEEQUAL’s Sustainability Attributes in Assessing the Malaysian Infrastructure Projects: A Review

“…Similarly, in the development of sustainable infrastructure, the land use management is very vital. For instance, in creating sustainable municipal areas, instead of providing the sustainable infrastructures, the city planners must provide also the ample spaces for reforestation [13]. Moreover, the site for sustainable infrastructure project must also has an integrated land use plan incorporating of multifunctional zones and habitat restoration area which is rationale for ecosystem balancing and avoidance of isolating open space areas (i.e., greenways, green belts, green networks) either in the urban areas or in marine spatial project planning [8,29].…”

“…Dowdeswell [16] postulated that construction activity is a major user of the world's non-renewable natural resources. It is not good and should be avoided because the excessive use of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) in the construction materials transportation and construction operations is not only affect the depletion of that resources but burning the fossil fuels on-site contributes also to the global production of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide) [13,29,32]. As a consequence, the uncontrolled carbon emissions can cause the harmful effects both to the climate change and human health and also causing other complications like acid rain, global warming, formation of ozone, and photochemical smog [3].…”

“…Zavrl and Zeren [7] and Pearce et al [11] reckoned that the development of the sustainable infrastructure projects like road, tunnel, bridges, rail transport system, airports, water utility services, energy generation and distribution, waste facilities, canals, ports, and telecommunication network which provide the citizens with materials, energy, and information must meet the demanding users' needs. Even though these infrastructures have various impacts on sustainable development of the area, yet to maximize the value of that projects, the triple bottom line of people (social), planet (environmental), and profit (economic) aspects have to be in an optimal balance and healthy state [7,12,13].…”