Sustainable energy for the marine sector

Techno economic and environmental assessment of wind assisted marine propulsion systems

“…Consequently, research on environmentally sustainable marine propulsion solutions in recent years has endeavoured to address precisely these issues (García-Martos et al, 2013;Notteboom and Vernimmen, 2009). Studies have also shown that the current global marine propulsion could be improved through the introduction of new propulsion technologies and by the utilisation of cleaner fuels (Hirdaris et al, 2014;Vergara et al, 2012;Alfonsín et al, 2014).…”

Katalyse der Kohlenstoffdioxid‐Photoreduktion an Nanoschichten: Grundlagen und Herausforderungen

“…[1] Der Anstieg der anthropogenen CO 2 -Konzentration wird auf etwa 30 %g eschätzt, von einem vorindustriellen Gehalt von 280 ppm auf den heutigen Gehalt von etwa 400 ppm. [1] Der Anstieg der anthropogenen CO 2 -Konzentration wird auf etwa 30 %g eschätzt, von einem vorindustriellen Gehalt von 280 ppm auf den heutigen Gehalt von etwa 400 ppm.…”

“…Das bei der Verbrennung fossiler Energieträger ausgestoßene Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO 2 )t r ägt zur globalen Erwärmung bei. [1] Der Anstieg der anthropogenen CO 2 -Konzentration wird auf etwa 30 %g eschätzt, von einem vorindustriellen Gehalt von 280 ppm auf den heutigen Gehalt von etwa 400 ppm. Zum Ende des 22.…”

Energy, Transportation and Global Warming

“…Hollenbach and Friesch (2007) illustrated that the highefficiency rudders such as a twisted rudder with a Costa bulb might lower power consumption by 4 % (Hollenbach and Friesch 2007). In fact, 3 % of the world emissions reductions (44 Gt CO 2 per year) that is pivotal to stabilization of temperature under 2 C must be provided by the Shipping sector (Vergara et al 2012;Kontovas and Psaraftis 2011). Technologies revolving around refinement of mission, hull resistance reduction, prime mover and propulsion, and low carbon new fuels are crucial recipes for mitigating maritime emissions (Vergara et al 2012;Kontovas and Psaraftis 2011).…”

“…The design of vessels to achieve fuel efficiency is practicable for new ships as well as those yet to be constructed by manufactures. Apparently, historic vessels already in use prove difficult or most probably do not lend themselves easy to engineering modifications (Kontovas and Psaraftis 2011;Vergara et al 2012). Adopting short-run simulations, Corbett et al (2009) found out that speed reductions may result in emission reduction 852 M. Suner and T. Yildiz across a range of containership routes up to 70 % and lower speeds provide CO 2 reduction on most routes with higher costs when additional ships are added to maintain scheduled frequency ).…”