Sustainable energy security for Central Asia: Exploring the role of China and the United Nations

Darke, Walker; Karatayev, Marat; Lisiakiewicz, Rafał

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.08.213

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…There are environmental externalities associated with cross-border energy transportation, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessments that go beyond economic considerations [3,4,5]. The Kazakhstan-China pipeline, as a case in point, exemplifies the challenges posed by traversing diverse ecosystems and raises questions about the long-term ecological consequences [6,7,8].…”

Section: Main Provisions Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Sustainability in Cross-Border Energy Trade: the Case of the Kazakhstan – China Pipeline

Utelbayev,

Azhigali,

Amangeldin

2024

jour

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The article delves into the nuanced realm of environmental sustainability in the context of the KazakhstanChina pipeline – a crucial conduit for oil and gas resources spanning borders. Rigorous methodologies, including Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and community engagement, unveil the environmental challenges intrinsic to cross-border energy projects. From habitat disruption and pollution to the potential for oil spills, the negative impacts demand strategic mitigation. The article advocates for a multifaceted approach, recommending the incorporation of advanced technologies, strategic route planning, and diversified energy sources. Emphasizing community engagement, transparency, and international cooperation, the proposed sustainable practices aim to balance the imperatives of economic growth with ecological preservation. As the world grapples with increasing energy demands, the Kazakhstan-China pipeline stands as a poignant case study, prompting a collective reevaluation of our approach to global energy trade. Through proactive measures and collaborative efforts, it is possible to navigate the delicate equilibrium between energy security and environmental stewardship, fostering a future where sustainable practices underscore the foundation of cross-border energy endeavors.

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Section: Main Provisions Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Sustainability in Cross-Border Energy Trade: the Case of the Kazakhstan – China Pipeline

Utelbayev,

Azhigali,

Amangeldin

2024

jour

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“…The Chinese and Kazakh governments have held many joint meetings to facilitate the development of renewable energy. These resulted in the Kazakh authorities' adoption of several major projects, including ones that produce up to 50 MW 37 . Efforts to expand renewable energy facilities in recent years are reflected in the construction of "a solar power plant in the Almaty region, a wind power plant Zhanatas in the Zhambyl region and a thermoelectric furnace project using YDD ferrosilicon ore in the Karaganda region" in 2021 38 .…”

Section: Prospects Of Sino-kazakh Energy Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sino-Caspian Energy Cooperation: an Analysis of Kazakhstan And Turkmenistan Cases

Nest

2023

ENERPO Journal

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This paper analyses the current state of Sino-Caspian energy cooperation by examining China’s energy relationships with its two major economic partners in the region: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. China’s increasing energy demand over the past decades has led to significant investments and cooperation in these countries. Kazakhstan has become a vital trade partner, with China investing in its energy sector and becoming a significant importer of Kazakh oil. Similarly, Turkmenistan has seen China emerge as its primary economic partner due to its vast natural gas reserves. This paper concludes in both sections that despite challenges such as declining trade volumes and competition from other suppliers, China is poised to remain an important stakeholder for both Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. В данной статье анализируется текущее состояние энергетического сотрудничества Китая со странами Каспийского региона посредством изучения энергетических отношений Китая с двумя его основными экономическими партнёрами в регионе: Казахстаном и Туркменистаном. Растущий спрос Китая на энергию за последние десятилетия привёл к значительным инвестициям в эти страны и расширению сотрудничества с ними. Казахстан стал жизненно важным торговым партнёром Китая, который инвестировал в его энергетический сектор и стал крупным импортёром казахстанской нефти. Аналогичным образом, Туркменистан стал свидетелем того, как Китай стал его основным экономическим партнёром из-за его огромных запасов природного газа. В обоих разделах данной статьи делается вывод о том, что, несмотря на такие проблемы, как снижение объёмов торговли и конкуренция со стороны других поставщиков, Китай намерен оставаться важным партнёром как для Казахстана, так и для Туркменистана.

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“…It is well-known that energy is the pillar of the development of the national security and the basis for assuring the quality of life . Currently, the primary energy source worldwide is still fossil energy (such as coal and oil).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Ru-Based and Ni-Based Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition: Research Status, Reaction Mechanism, and Perspectives

Guan

Zhou

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Hydrogen (H2) is a zero-carbon and high-energy-density fuel promising to replace fossil fuels for power generation and clean energy. However, hydrogen still faces enormous challenges in terms of production, transportation, and storage. Ammonia (NH3) is a promising H2 (17.7 wt %) carrier that easily overcomes the difficulties associated with H2 storage and transport. However, for the NH3 decomposition hydrogen production reaction, the biggest challenge at present is to achieve complete conversion of ammonia under a relatively high space velocity (about 30,000 mL·gcat –1·h–1) at low-temperature conditions (about 350 °C) with reasonable price catalysts. At present, the most efficient ammonia decomposition catalyst is a Ru-based catalyst doped with K, Ba, and Cs and supported on various carbon supports and metal oxides. Otherwise, the catalysts that exhibited the most outstanding activity among non-noble metal catalysts are nickel-based, and because of their low cost, nickel is regarded as a reasonable alternative candidate material for NH3 decomposition. Advances in the study of reaction kinetics of ammonia decomposition reactions and whether the rate-determining step of the ammonia decomposition reaction is the cleavage of the first N–H bond or the desorption of nitrogen gas are also discussed. This review provides a comprehensive consideration of the recent development of Ru-based and Ni-based catalysts and proposed mechanisms of ammonia decomposition on them are examined. The effects of preparation methods, support, and promoters on catalyst activity were studied and theoretical bases for the design of future catalysts are presented. At last, a brief introduction to catalytic membrane reactor technology in recent years is given. This review can serve as a comprehensive work for designing novel catalysts.

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Sustainable energy security for Central Asia: Exploring the role of China and the United Nations

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Environmental Sustainability in Cross-Border Energy Trade: the Case of the Kazakhstan – China Pipeline

Environmental Sustainability in Cross-Border Energy Trade: the Case of the Kazakhstan – China Pipeline

Sino-Caspian Energy Cooperation: an Analysis of Kazakhstan And Turkmenistan Cases

Review on Ru-Based and Ni-Based Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition: Research Status, Reaction Mechanism, and Perspectives

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