Sustainable Value Creation in Manufacturing at Product and Process Levels: A Metrics-Based Evaluation

A Procedure to Support Systematic Selection of Leading Indicators for Sustainability Performance Measurement of Circular Economy Initiatives

“…We selected several works that satisfy the following criteria: (i) they provide examples or propose indicators for assessment, (ii) they provide a reasonable categorization of indicators, and (iii) they focus on the early stages of decision-making. The identified works include recent studies on employing indicators to support the development of sustainability-oriented strategies, CE being one of them, and discussed by [38,[51][52][53] as presented in Table 3. Particularly, [51] propose environmental and functional indicators to measure the performance of a product family, considering a wide range of CE strategies.…”

“…Work by [38] provides a procedure to select product-oriented indicators, based on the life cycle orientation and environmental aspect(s) of main concern under the product development process. [53] provide a set of three-dimensional indicators classified according to life cycle stages to be used during product development and manufacturing to evaluate the sustainability performance of products and processes. Whilst they refer to several resource-efficient strategies (e.g., remanufacture), the indicators are not accordingly classified.…”

Design for Sustainable Manufacturing: Approach, Implementation, and Assessment

“…Additionally, the design for manufacturability [26] is related to improving the manufacturing methods, packaging, assembly, and transportation and storage techniques. Another pillar is design for functionality, which includes different aspects, such as durability, ease of use, serviceability, upgradability, ergonomics, function effectiveness, and reliability [2,27,28]. Operation safety, health-wellness effect, and ethical responsibility are the main objectives related to the design for social impact [29][30][31].…”

“…These elements are as follows: manufacturing costs, environmental impact, waste management, energy consumption, and personal health and safety, as has been mentioned in some previous studies [61][62][63][64]. A summary for each element (i.e., sub-clusters, indicators, and measurements methods) is summarized as shown in Tables 2-6 [4,27,65]. It has been obtained from previous studies [27,[66][67][68] that some of these elements (i.e., energy consumption, manufacturing costs, and waste indicators) can be modeled using analytical and numerical models; however, other elements, such as personal health and safety, as well as environmental impact [69], can be expressed depending on the designer's experience and judgment.…”

“…A summary for each element (i.e., sub-clusters, indicators, and measurements methods) is summarized as shown in Tables 2-6 [4,27,65]. It has been obtained from previous studies [27,[66][67][68] that some of these elements (i.e., energy consumption, manufacturing costs, and waste indicators) can be modeled using analytical and numerical models; however, other elements, such as personal health and safety, as well as environmental impact [69], can be expressed depending on the designer's experience and judgment. A sustainability assessment schema that obtains the integration and analysis of all sustainable elements is provided, as shown in Figure 5.…”