Sustainable waste solutions: Optimizing location-allocation of 3R waste management sites in Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia through multi-maximal covering location approach

Abstract

Developing a Multi-Maximal Covering Location Model (MMCLM) for waste management in Gondokusuman Sub-district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is urgently needed. The closure of the Piyungan landfill has resulted in the need for additional Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Waste Management Sites (3R-WMSs) to reduce waste that the landfill cannot accommodate. The primary objective of this model is to optimize the location and allocation of demand volume nodes, representing the resident population, to a specific set of 3R-WMS. These demand nodes are located at different distances from 3R-WMSs, including high and low coverage areas. The research in the Gondokusuman Sub-district employed MMCLM with facility capacity constraints and was developed using mixed integer linear programming methodology. The study identified five optimal locations for a 3R-WMS establishment that comprehensively cover all demand nodes (15301) and population clusters (45903) in the sub-district, including both high (5085) and low coverage areas (10216). This research represents a significant step forward in developing a sustainable environment by ensuring easy access to reducing, reusing, and recycling-based waste management facilities for residents.