Sustained attention-deficit confirmed in euthymic bipolar disorder but not in first-degree relatives of bipolar patients or euthymic unipolar depression

Clark, Luke; Kempton, Matthew J.; Scarnà, Antonina; Grasby, Paul M.; Goodwin, Guy M.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.007

Cited by 153 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Findings in this research area indicate that euthymic patients commonly exhibit deficits on various measures derived from a range of sustained attention tasks (13,20,21,(23)(24)(25)(26); however, these impairments are not universal (11,27). As with the examination of executive deficits, it is possible that discrepant findings are at least partly due to different tests or measures that are employed across studies.…”

Section: Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…For example, some authors propose that sustained attention impairment represents the core trait deficit observed in euthymic bipolar disorder, in part based on the report that these deficits are not accounted for by executive functions such as working memory (1,13,24,25). By implication, elementary attentional or processing speed impairments could also adversely influence performance on memory or other complex cognitive tasks (20).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta‐analysis

Torres

Boudreau

Yatham

2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

535

370

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IntroductionIt is well established that patients with bipolar disorder in acute manic-depressive states show considerable cognitive impairment (1-3). In recent years, however, there has been a strong shift towards studying neurocognitive functions in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. These Torres IJ, Boudreau VG, Yatham LN. Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis.Objective: Although cognitive deficits are prominent in symptomatic patients with bipolar disorder, the extent and pattern of cognitive impairment in euthymic patients remain uncertain. Method: Neuropsychological studies comparing euthymic bipolar patients and healthy controls were evaluated. Across studies, effect sizes reflecting patient-control differences in task performance were computed for the 15 most frequently studied cognitive measures in the literature. Results: Across the broad cognitive domains of attention ⁄ processing speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning, medium-to-large performance effect size differences were consistently observed between patients and controls, favoring the latter. Deficits were not observed on measures of vocabulary and premorbid IQ. Conclusion: Meta-analytic findings provide evidence of a trait-related neuropsychological deficit in bipolar disorder involving attention ⁄ processing speed, memory, and executive function. Findings are discussed with regard to potential moderators, etiologic considerations, limitations, and future directions in neuropsychological research on bipolar disorder.

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Section: Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta‐analysis

Torres

Boudreau

Yatham

2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

535

370

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Candidate endophenotypes must be associated with illness, state independent, heritable, and found in unaffected relatives of probands at a higher rate than in general population [31] . By contrast, some behavioral studies failed to find any significant performance deficit in schizophrenic patients [32] , in bipolar patients [33] or in unaffected relatives of bipolar probands [34,35] , so the role of sustained attention as a trait-market of psychosis is still controversial. The discordant results reported in scientific literature may be due to the differences in experimental paradigms and inclusion/exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Topic Highlightmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sustained attention in psychosis: Neuroimaging findings

Sepede¹

2014

WJR

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To provide a systematic review of scientific literature on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searched PubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustained attention in both affective and non-affective psychosis. Only studies conducted on adult patients using a sustained attention task during fMRI scanning were included in the final review. The search was conducted on September 10 th , 2013. 15 fMRI studies met our inclusion criteria: 12 studies were focused on Schizophrenia and 3 on Bipolar Disorder Type Ⅰ (BDI). Only half of the Schizophrenia studies and two of the BDI studies reported behavioral abnormalities, but all of them evidenced significant functional differences in brain regions related to the sustained attention system. Altered functioning of the insula was found in both Schizophrenia and BDI, and therefore proposed as a candidate trait marker for psychosis in general. On the other hand, other brain regions were differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis: alterations of cingulate cortex and thalamus seemed to be more common in Schizophrenia and amygdala dysfunctions in BDI. Neural correlates of sustained attention seem to be of great interest in the study of psychosis, highlighting differences and similarities between Schizophrenia and BDI. Key words: Sustained attention; Affective psychosis; Non-affective psychosis; Schizophrenia; Bipolar disorder; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Insula Core tip: In the present paper, we systematically reviewed functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating sustained attention in affective and nonaffective psychosis. We found that differences between cases (patients, unaffected relatives of psychotic probands) and controls in terms of functional activation of sustained attention system structures were detectable even when the groups performed comparably. In particular, the insular cortex seems to be a trait marker for psychosis in general, whereas other regions (thalamus, cingulate cortex, amygdala) seem to be differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis.

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“…Recent reports have suggested the presence of persistent cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with BD even after prolonged euthymic phases [16,26,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Review by Torres et al [4] revealed widespread cognitive deficits in tests assessing attention, speed of information processing, memory and executive dysfunctions in remitted bipolars versus controls.…”

Section: Cognitive Functions In Bipolar Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burdick [64] has not detected a direct relationship between attention deficits and depressive symptoms. Sustained attention deficits apparent during the euthymic period of bipolar disorder cannot be explained in terms of working memory impairment and represent a reduced inherent capacity rather than a changed response bias [16,42,44,45,53,65,66]. Sustained attention deficits are claimed to be a core deficit for bipolar disorder, but those deficits are not dependent on executive dysfunctions, including working memory.…”

Section: Cognitive Functions In Bipolar Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%