“…The further proliferation requires multiple agents to provide the social, economic, institutional, political, and environmental resources for continuous linkages, and support the improvement of a collaborative, cohesive milieu. Therefore, the evolutionary processes of knowledge orchestration could be summarized as the four stages of knowledge exchange, knowledge coordination, knowledge cooperation, and knowledge orchestration (Al-kumaim et al, 2021 ). Particularly, interactive activities and different stages are distinguished by the extent of knowledge interaction and integration, such as exchange, coordination, cooperation, and orchestration, requiring agents to share joint knowledge-based activities for the purpose of value co-creation in a helix shape (Zhao, 2021 ).…”