Sweat Sodium and Total Sodium Losses in NFL players with EAMC during Training Camp versus Matched Non-crampers

Greene, Richard; Godek, Sandra Fowkes; Burkholder, Arthur R.; Peduzzi, Chris

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000272933.43961.21

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“…This may be the result of the relatively large individual variability in SwtRs, which have been reported in the literature. 3,9,13,18,[27][28][29] We also expected to find no differences in SwtNa + among the 3 groups. The mean SwtNa + values of between 49 and 52 mEq/L in our football players were nearly identical to those found in a series of studies in elite soccer players.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sweat Rates, Sweat Sodium Concentrations, and Sodium Losses in 3 Groups of Professional Football Players

Godek

Peduzzi²,

Burkholder³

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Sweat sodium losses have never been reported in a large cohort of American football players.Objective: To compare sweat rates (SwtRs), sweat sodium concentrations (SwtNa + ), and sodium losses in 3 groups of players (backs and receivers [BK], linebackers and quarterbacks [LB/QB], and linemen [LM]) to determine if positional differences and, therefore, size differences exist.Design: Observational study. Setting: Data were collected during practices in the second week of 2 consecutive training camps. The wet bulb globe temperature was 78.56F 6 3.56F (25.96C 6 1.96C).Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen BK, 12 LB/QB, and 14 LM volunteered.Intervention(s): Sterile sweat patches were applied to the right forearm after the skin was appropriately cleaned. The patches were removed during practice, placed in sterile tubes, centrifuged, frozen, and later analyzed by flame photometry.Main Outcome Measure(s): Sweat rate, SwtNa + , and sodium loss. We calculated SwtR by change in mass adjusted for urine produced and fluids consumed divided by practice time in hours.Results: Other than age, physical characteristics were different among groups (P , .001). The SwtR was different among groups (F 2,41 5 7.3, P 5 .002). It was lower in BK (1.42 6 0.45 L/h) than in LB/QB (1.98 6 0.49 L/h) (P , .05) and LM (2.16 6 0.75 L/h) (P , .01), but we found no differences between SwtRs for LB/QB and LM. The SwtNa + was not different among groups (BK 5 50 6 16 mEq/L, LB/QB 5 48.2 6 23 mEq/L, and LM 5 52.8 6 25 mEq/L) and ranged from 15 to 99 mEq/L. Sweat sodium losses ranged from 642 mg/h to 6.7 g/ h, and findings for group comparisons approached significance (P 5 .06). On days when players practiced 4.5 hours, calculated sodium losses ranged from 2.3 to 30 g/d.Conclusions: The BK sweated at lower rates than did the midsized LB/QB and large LM, but LB/QB sweated similarly to LM. Sweat sodium concentration and daily sodium losses ranged considerably. Heavy, salty sweaters require increased dietary consumption of sodium during preseason.

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