“Sweet” ionic liquids comprising the acesulfame anion – synthesis, physicochemical properties and antifeedant activity towards stored product insects

Abstract

The synthesized “sweet” ionic liquids comprising acesulfame anion proved to be effective antifeedants with designer physicochemical properties.

Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Based Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising Alkyl Betainate Cation as Novel Active Ingredients with Reduced Environmental Impact and Excellent Efficacy

“…It is noteworthy that the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic character occurred in the alkyl elongation from hexyl ( 3 ) to octyl ( 4 ). This observation is consistent with other reports on ILs; 15 , 39 however, the hydrophobic character may also be demonstrated by ILs containing shorter substituents such as butyl. 18 Moreover, the increase in measured values of K OW due to chain elongation were not as drastic as in the case of HILs comprising other herbicides, such as bromoxynil, 13 fomesafen, 14 picloram, 15 and 2,4-DP.…”

“…The differences in the solubilities in the least polar solvents support the thesis that ionic liquids are immiscible with liquids that possess low dielectric constants. 39 Hence, none of the obtained ILs dissolved in hexane (ε r = 1.9) or toluene (ε r = 2.4), whereas four were miscible with ethyl acetate (ε r = 6.0) and almost all were soluble in isopropanol (ε r = 19.9).…”

“…Information regarding the affinity of chemicals for solvents characterized by varying their polarity may be particularly useful in crop protection applications, which require simple and cost-effective solutions in the development of new and effective formulations. 39 Therefore, the solubilities in 10 representative solvents were determined for the sodium salt of iodosulfuron-methyl, the alkyl betainate bromides, and the prepared iodosulfuron-methyl-based ILs at room temperature, according to the procedure described by Vogel. 31 The results for the salts containing iodosulfuron-methyl ( 1 – 13 ) are presented in Table 2 , whereas the solubilities of the bromides ( P1 – P13 ) are provided in Table S2 in the Supporting Information.…”

“…In contrast, highly lipophilic substances, characterized by values of log K OW > 3, may persist in soil for months, increasing the plausibility of their bioaccumulation. 13 , 39 According to recent reports, the risk of environmental pollution dramatically increases when a herbicidally active compound is resistant to biodegradation by soil microorganisms. 45 In addition, the Cao research group recently revealed that in the case of HILs good lipophilicity could cause the active ingredients to easily penetrate the leaf surface, reaching the target tissues more quickly and exhibiting satisfactory herbicidal activity.…”

Detection of terpenoids and steroids in Lindsaea obtusa with thin layer chromatography

“…This is consistent with the nonpolar secondary metabolites of terpenoids and steroids. Most of the terpenoid compounds also contain an -OH group so that the presence of a hydroxyl group substituent attached to the hydrocarbon chain can be attracted by semi-polar and even polar solvents (Stachowiak et al 2020). So it can be concluded that L. obtusa positively contains secondary metabolites in the form of terpenoids and steroids.…”