Swelling and Structural Organization of Saponite

Abstract

Saturated with 6 different cations (Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ba) its swelling in ethylene glycol, glycerol and water and its homogeneous hydration extents according to the relative humidity have been studied. Our results were compared with those found for montmorillonites, beidellites and vermiculites in order to estimate the respective influence of the surface charge density and the charge localization on the swelling properties. The three-dimensional organization of the saponite is more or less affected by random stacking faults and by multiple b/3 translations according to the exchangeable cation, the swelling state and the nature of the solvation liquid. Our experimental results indicate that the three-dimensional order met in the hydrated saponites can be explained by an anchoring of the layers towards each other by chains made up of cation -dipole interactions and of hydrogen bonds between negatively charged surface oxygens and the interlayer water. This type of interlayer link is relatively weak. It is therefore easy to introduce stacking faults in these edifices in particular by grinding of the samples.

Acid Activation of a Ferrous Saponite (Griffithite): Physico-Chemical Characterization and Surface Area of the Products Obtained

“…The purity and crystallinity of this sample are high, as can be seen in the corresponding X-ray diffractogram given in Figure la. The assignment of the diffraction peaks is very similar to that made by Suquet et al (1975) when considering Kozfikov saponite (Figure 1 a). The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of this silicate was observed to be of 104 meq/ 100 g of calcinated clay.…”

Saponite from Near Ballarat, California

“…The higher orders of the basal spacings are exact multiples of the expanded first-order basal reflection. The relative intensity of the first five basal reflections is given in Table 1, and the remaining reflections are: (006) m, (008) w, (009) vw, with no (007) or (0010) Faust and Murata (1953) and Suquet et al (1975). The hk reflections for the Na-saponite are essentially the same as for the Ca-saponite.…”

“…The XRD Pattern for the Casaponite is given in Table 1, along with the Na-saponite pattern produced when Calgon was used as a dispersant in the clay-water suspensions. The diffraction indices were assigned as suggested by Faust et al (1953) and Suquet et al (1975). The first-order basal spacings, 15.15 A for the Ca-saponite and 12.55/k for the Nasaponite, were shifted to form a very strong sharp peak at 17.0 ]~ when the saponite was solvated with ethylene glycol.…”

Research analysis of saponite clay properties

“…Так, введення 10-50 % сапонітової породи супроводжується зниженням температури початку пластичних деформацій на 30-50 °С, а також спостерігається зміщення аномальної ділянки на кривій в'язкості, характерній для глини, в область нижчих температур [9,10]. Автор пояснює це активною взаємодією оксидів заліза з глинистими мінералами, що супроводжується руйнуванням їхньої структури [4].…”