Swine Dendritic Cell Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: An Update

Hernández, Jesús; Li, Yanli; Mateu, Enric

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.712109

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 79 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Swine are the only known natural hosts of PRRSV. The porcine monocyte-macrophage lineage, particularly monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells, and differentiated macrophages, such as porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), are the PRRSV principal permissive cells ( 7 , 8 ). In addition, the immortalized monkey kidney epithelial cell line, Marc-145 cells, can be infected by PRRSV ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-dependent enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection downregulates the levels of interferon-gamma/lambdas in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro

Zhang

Feng²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Fc gamma receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) can promote virus invasion of target cells, sometimes exacerbating the severity of the disease. ADE may be an enormous hurdle to developing efficacious vaccines for certain human and animal viruses. ADE of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of PRRSV-ADE infection on the natural antiviral immunity of the host cells is yet to be well investigated. Specifically, whether the ADE of PRRSV infection affects the levels of type II (interferon-gamma, IFN-γ) and III (interferon-lambdas, IFN-λs) interferons (IFNs) remains unclear. In this study, our results showed that PRRSV significantly induced the secretion of IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in early infection, and weakly inhibited the production of IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4 in PAMs in late infection. Simultaneously, PRRSV infection significantly increased the transcription of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), ISG56, and 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) in PAMs. In addition, our results showed that PRRSV infection in PAMs via the ADE pathway not only significantly decreased the synthesis of IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4 but also significantly enhanced the generation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Our results also showed that the ADE of PRRSV infection significantly reduced the mRNAs of ISG15, ISG56, and OAS2 in PAMs. In conclusion, our studies indicated that PRRSV-ADE infection suppressed innate antiviral response by downregulating the levels of type II and III IFNs, hence facilitating viral replication in PAMs in vitro. The ADE mechanism demonstrated in the present study furthered our understanding of persistent pathogenesis following PRRSV infection mediated by antibodies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-dependent enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection downregulates the levels of interferon-gamma/lambdas in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro

Zhang

Feng²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A Comprehensive Review on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Emphasis on Immunity

Fiers,

Cay,

Maes

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in pig production worldwide and responsible for enormous production and economic losses. PRRSV infection in gestating gilts and sows induces important reproductive failure. Additionally, respiratory distress is observed in infected piglets and fattening pigs, resulting in growth retardation and increased mortality. Importantly, PRRSV infection interferes with immunity in the respiratory tract, making PRRSV-infected pigs more susceptible to opportunistic secondary pathogens. Despite the availability of commercial PRRSV vaccines for more than three decades, control of the disease remains a frustrating and challenging task. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of PRRSV, covering its history, economic and scientific importance, and description of the viral structure and genetic diversity. It explores the virus’s pathogenesis, including cell tropism, viral entry, replication, stages of infection and epidemiology. It reviews the porcine innate and adaptative immune responses to comprehend the modulation mechanisms employed by PRRS for immune evasion.

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Swine Dendritic Cell Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: An Update

Cited by 2 publications

References 79 publications

Antibody-dependent enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection downregulates the levels of interferon-gamma/lambdas in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro

Antibody-dependent enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection downregulates the levels of interferon-gamma/lambdas in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro

A Comprehensive Review on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Emphasis on Immunity

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