Swiss Evaluation Registry for Pediatric Infective Endocarditis (SERPIE) - Risk factors for complications in children and adolescents with infective endocarditis

Infective Endocarditis Due to Kingella kingae

“…Finally, the place that nuclear imaging holds in IE diagnosis is growing. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG-PET) CT provides functional information based on the increased glucose uptake and glycolysis of metabolically active cells. In adults with a native valve, the specificity of 18 F-FDG-PET CT is very high (around 98%) for valvular and paravalvular endocarditis, but its sensitivity is mediocre (30%) [95].…”

“…18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG-PET) CT provides functional information based on the increased glucose uptake and glycolysis of metabolically active cells. In adults with a native valve, the specificity of 18 F-FDG-PET CT is very high (around 98%) for valvular and paravalvular endocarditis, but its sensitivity is mediocre (30%) [95]. For prosthetic valve endocarditis, the estimated sensitivity increases at 86% with an unchanged specificity, making 18 F-FDG-PET CT the examination of choice in the case of inconclusive TTE/TEE [11,96].…”

“…In adults with a native valve, the specificity of 18 F-FDG-PET CT is very high (around 98%) for valvular and paravalvular endocarditis, but its sensitivity is mediocre (30%) [95]. For prosthetic valve endocarditis, the estimated sensitivity increases at 86% with an unchanged specificity, making 18 F-FDG-PET CT the examination of choice in the case of inconclusive TTE/TEE [11,96]. Furthermore, in children and young adults with congenital heart disease, 18 F-FDG-PET CT has been reported to be accurate in detecting and localizing IE either before or after cardiac surgery (Figure 3) [97].…”

“…For prosthetic valve endocarditis, the estimated sensitivity increases at 86% with an unchanged specificity, making 18 F-FDG-PET CT the examination of choice in the case of inconclusive TTE/TEE [11,96]. Furthermore, in children and young adults with congenital heart disease, 18 F-FDG-PET CT has been reported to be accurate in detecting and localizing IE either before or after cardiac surgery (Figure 3) [97]. It was previously recommended to perform 18 F-FDG-PET CT at least 3 months after cardiac surgery to avoid misinterpretation of "normal" FDG uptake, especially after prosthetic valve implantation [11,12].…”

“…In adults, the estimated incidence of IE is 13.8/100,000 subjects per year [ 11 , 13 ]. In the pediatric population, the reported incidence is lower, ranging from 0.45 to 0.84/100,000 subjects per year, but with an upward trend being observed in recent years [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. K. kingae is a rare cause of IE typically affecting children and is associated with a high rate of complications [ 19 , 20 ].…”