Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvent-Based Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (SHS-HLLME) Combined with GC-FID for the Quantification of Methadone and Tramadol

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Tramadol: 2016 Potentiometric selective electrodes designed for the electrochemical determination of tramadol hydrochloride in bulk, Pharmaceutical formulations (also applied to plasma and urine) [ 487 ]; cyclic voltammetry for the determination of tramadol (also paracetamol and caffeine) [ 488 ]; RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of tramadol hydrochloride and dicyclomine in bulk and tablet dosage form [ 489 ]; all-solid-state ion selective electrode for the determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride [ 490 ]; electrochemical sensor fabricated based on a glassy carbon electrode for determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical and biological samples [ 491 ]; all solid state polymeric membrane electrode for analysis of tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations [ 492 ]; UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and tramadol in paracetamol-tramadol tablets [ 493 ]; formulation and dissolution kinetics study of hydrophilic matrix tablets with tramadol hydrochloride and different co-processed dry binders as possible controlled release formulations [ 494 ]; colorimetric method for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride in pure and tablet dosage forms [ 495 ]; predictive pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride floating tablets [ 496 ]; 2017 electrochemical imprinted sensor for determination of tramadol by combination of a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes and a thin molecularly imprinted film [ 497 ]; RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of tramadol and aceclofenac [ 498 ]; voltammetric determination of tramadol [ 499 ]; electrochemical determination of tramadol and paracetamol [ 500 ]; review article on tramadol [ 501 ]; electrochemical sensors for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations [ 502 ]; glassy carbon electrode for determination of warfarin and tramadol in pharmaceutical compounds [ 503 ]; anisotropic (spherical/hexagon/cube) silver nanoparticle embedded magnetic carbon nanosphere as platform for designing of tramadol imprinted polymer [ 504 ]; synthesis of phosphorylated derivatives of cis-tramadol and analysis by IR, NMR (H-1, C-13, P-31), mass spectra, and C, H, N [ 505 ]; development of controlled release matrix tablets of tramadol [ 506 ]; enantiomeric separation of tramadol by LC with fluorescence detection [ 507 ]; 2018 LC-MS/MS Quantification of Tramadol and Gabapentin Utilizing Solid Phase Extraction [ 508 ]; liquid-liquid microextraction combined with GC-FID for the quantification of methadone and tramadol [ 509 ]; sensor for the determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical and biological samples [ 510 ]; 15-year overview of increasing tramadol utilization and the impact of tramadol classificat...…”

Optimization of New Sample Preparation Technique for the Determination of Methadone and Codeine in Plasma Sample by GC-FID

“…14,24 Various sample preparation techniques have been developed in previous work for the extraction and concentration of methadone and codeine in distinct real samples. These methods include solid-phase extraction (SPE), 1 dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME), 25 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 11,19 air-assisted emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-AAELLME), 12 ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (UA-DLLME), 26 homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME), 27 hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), 28 solvent bar microextraction (SBME) 29 and electromembrane extraction (EME). 30 The mention methodologies have been utilized for the determination of MDN and COD in various biological matrices, such as urine, 11,12,18,[28][29][30] plasma or blood, 11,12,19,[28][29][30] saliva 11 and sweat.…”

Switchable deep eutectic solvent‐based homogenous liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode‐array detection for the determination of the chiral fungicide mefentrifluconazole in water, fruit juice, and fermented liquor

“…Compared with DLLME method, the HLLME method has not attracted much attention. Extractants in HLLME are mainly fatty acids and amines 15,18,19 . Deep eutectic solvent (DES) as an emerging green extractant has a potential to be combined with HLLME.…”

“…Switchable solvents have attracted widespread attention in the microextraction of various contaminants from environmental and food matrices 19 . They have the ability to quickly transform between hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms, leading to high rates of analyte recovery.…”