Sympathetic nerve tissue in milky spots of the human greater omentum

Cleypool, Cindy G. J.; Schurink, Bernadette; Horst, Dorinde E. M. van der; Bleys, Ronald L. A. W.

doi:10.1111/joa.13077

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Human vagus nerve -and sympathetic trunk sections were included as a positive control for general -and sympathetic nerve tissue respectively. Both, staining procedures and positive controls, have been used in previous studies in which they proved to be valid to detect small nerves (including single nerve fibers) and to serve as proper controls, respectively (Cleypool et al, 2019(Cleypool et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Variation in Sympathetic Nerve Distribution in the Human Spleen

et al. 2021

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Introduction: The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP) has been proposed as an efferent neural pathway dampening the systemic inflammatory response via the spleen. The CAIP activates the splenic neural plexus and a subsequent series of intrasplenic events, which at least require a close association between sympathetic nerves and T cells. Knowledge on this pathway has mostly been derived from rodent studies and only scarce information is available on the innervation of the human spleen. This study aimed to investigate the sympathetic innervation of different structures of the human spleen, the topographical association of nerves with T cells and age-related variations in nerve distribution.Materials and Methods: Spleen samples were retrieved from a diagnostic archive and were allocated to three age groups; neonates, 10–25 and 25–70 years of age. Sympathetic nerves and T cells were identified by immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the membrane marker CD3, respectively. The overall presence of sympathetic nerves and T cells was semi-automatically quantified and expressed as total area percentage. A predefined scoring system was used to analyze the distribution of nerves within different splenic structures.Results: Sympathetic nerves were observed in all spleens and their number appeared to slightly increase from birth to adulthood and to decrease afterward. Irrespective to age, more than halve of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALSs) contained sympathetic nerves in close association with T cells. Furthermore, discrete sympathetic nerves were observed in the capsule, trabeculae and red pulp and comparable to the total amount of sympathetic nerves, showed a tendency to decrease with age. No correlation was found between the number of T cells and sympathetic nerves.Conclusion: The presence of discrete sympathetic nerves in the splenic parenchyma, capsule and trabecular of human spleens could suggest a role in functions other than vasoregulation. In the PALS, sympathetic nerves were observed to be in proximity to T cells and is suggestive for the existence of the CAIP in humans. Since sympathetic nerve distribution shows interspecies and age-related variation, and our general understanding of the relative and spatial contribution of splenic innervation in immune regulation is incomplete, it remains difficult to estimate the anti-inflammatory potential of targeting splenic nerves in patients.

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Section: Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Variation in Sympathetic Nerve Distribution in the Human Spleen

et al. 2021

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“…In experimental models of ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer cells metastasize to the omentum within 1-6 h of injection 8 . The omentum is an adipose tissue that contains secondary lymphoid structures with a variety of cell types, including adipocytes, blood vessels, and clusters of leukocytes known as milky spots [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Milky spots contain macrophages, B, T, and NK cells, which rapidly efflux into the peritoneum during pathogenic challenge 10,16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Omental macrophages secrete chemokine ligands that promote ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum via CCR1

Krishnan¹,

Tallapragada²,

Schaar

et al. 2020

Commun Biol

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The omentum is the most common site of ovarian cancer metastasis. Immune cell clusters called milky spots are found throughout the omentum. It is however unknown if these immune cells contribute to ovarian cancer metastasis. Here we report that omental macrophages promote the migration and colonization of ovarian cancer cells to the omentum through the secretion of chemokine ligands that interact with chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1). We found that depletion of macrophages reduces ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum. RNA-sequencing of macrophages isolated from mouse omentum and mesenteric adipose tissue revealed a specific enrichment of chemokine ligand CCL6 in omental macrophages. CCL6 and the human homolog CCL23 were both necessary and sufficient to promote ovarian cancer migration by activating ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. Importantly, inhibition of CCR1 reduced ovarian cancer colonization. These findings demonstrate a critical mechanism of omental macrophage induced colonization by ovarian cancer cells via CCR1 signaling.

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“…Тому, базуючись на даних літератури про те, що у всіх ссавців, включаючи і людину, великий чепець є унікальним утвором, було поставлено першочергове завдання всебічно вивчити його будову. Це пояснюється тим, що, згідно з даними літератури, великому чепцю належить найважливіша роль у здійсненні імунного нагляду за антигенним станом перитонеальної рідини та швидкого реагування на те чи інше ушкодження шлунково-кишкового тракту, яке нерідко ускладнюється запаленням очеревини (перитонітом) [2,5,[8][9]. Не зважаючи на прогрес та успіхи хірургії, перитоніт продовжує залишатися найчастішим і найнебезпечнішим ускладненням гострих хірургічних захворювань органів черевної порожнини і займає перше місце серед причин смертності від них [10][11].…”

Section: великий чепець білих щурів: структурно-функціональна характе...unclassified

“…Вона покрита шаром мезотеліальних клітин, розташованим на базальній мембрані, який переривається молочними плямами. Мезотеліальні клітини в обох ділянках мають типові характеристики, включаючи мікроворсинки, мітохондрії та численні везикули, що нагадують піноцитотичні транспортні везикули, що є загальною ознакою ендотеліальних та гладком'язових клітин [8]. Як і у людини великий чепець щурів має лімфатичні судини, однак вони нечисельні та проходять ізольовано від судинних магістралей.…”

Section: великий чепець білих щурівunclassified

The Greater Omentum of White Rats: Structural and Functional Characteristics and its Role in Peritonitis

Maksymenko¹,

Гринь²

2023

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

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The greater omentum is now recognized as an important organ in the fight against intra-abdominal infections, so it is often called the “policeman of the peritoneal cavity”. The greater omentum plays the most important role in the implementation of immune supervision of the antigenic condition of the peritoneal fluid and rapid response of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, which is often complicated by inflammation of the peritoneum – peritonitis. The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of the structure of the greater omentum of white rats and its role in peritonitis by means of a bibliographic analysis of the literature. Materials and methods. This bibliographic analysis is based on published articles, books, textbooks, monographs and dissertation abstracts. For the purposes of this systematic review, a literature search was carried out in the worldwide Internet, domestic sources of literature, scientific and electronic library of Poltava State Medical University using the following key words: “morphology”, “comparative anatomy”, “greater omentum”, “greater omentum of the rats”, “immune system”, “white rats”, “laboratory animals”, “rat anatomy”, “peritonitis”. Results and discussion. The greater omentum of white rats and humans are represented by two different structures: translucent membranous regions and regions rich in adipose tissue. According to the literature, the greater omentum of white rats is the main morphological characteristic (in miniature), homologous to the human one. The main function of the greater omentum, according to the opinion of many authors and ours too, is immunity. Immune structures of the greater omentum of white rats are represented by lymphoid nodules, known in the literature as milky spots, most of which are located near arteries and veins. In pathological conditions, the greater omentum acquires absolutely special properties, such as plasticity, the ability to fuse with a traumatic and inflamed surface, the ability to hemostasis and phagocytosis, the ability to germinate and revascularize, to absorb fluids and microparticles from the peritoneal cavity, and the ability to the immunological response. Conclusion. According to the literature, the greater omentum of white rats is a miniature likeness of the greater omentum of a person. However, unlike the latter, it consists of only one duplication of the visceral peritoneum, between the leaves of which there are blood vessels with deposits of adipose tissue and milk spots. Thus, the greater omentum of white rats is a perfectly acceptable object of experimental research with the subsequent legitimate extrapolation of their results to humans. The greater omentum occupies a central place in the peritoneal defense mechanisms due to its innate immune function, high absorbing capacity, and ability to attach to neighboring structures to close defects of abdominal organs and promote their healing, due to its expressive angiogenic activity

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Sympathetic nerve tissue in milky spots of the human greater omentum

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Age-Related Variation in Sympathetic Nerve Distribution in the Human Spleen

Age-Related Variation in Sympathetic Nerve Distribution in the Human Spleen

Omental macrophages secrete chemokine ligands that promote ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum via CCR1

The Greater Omentum of White Rats: Structural and Functional Characteristics and its Role in Peritonitis

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