Sympathetic Ophthalmia

Cunningham, Emmett T.; Kilmartin, Dara J.; Agarwal, Mamta; Zierhut, Manfred

doi:10.1080/09273948.2017.1305727

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs when a traumatic injury to one eyeball induces inflammation in other healthy eye. 66) Similarly, cerebral contusions can induce abrupt cerebral edema of nearly all neuronal cells of the cerebrum and can induce longer morbidity consisting of complications such as seizure. 67) In HSP, skin purpuric vasculitis appears mainly in pressured areas such as the buttocks and lower extremities and can be easily elicited by mild external pressure such as a tourniquet test.…”

Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reaction 1 Host Immune Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orchitis (or oophoritis), a complication of the mumps, generally appears after swelling of the parotid glands [ 65 ], suggesting that orchitis-inducing substances may originate in injured parotid gland cells. Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs when a traumatic injury to one eyeball induces inflammation in other healthy eye [ 66 ]. Similarly, cerebral contusions can induce abrupt cerebral edema of nearly all neuronal cells of the cerebrum and can induce longer morbidity consisting of complications such as seizure [ 67 ].…”

Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

2020

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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The causes of different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods among individuals, species specificity, and cytokine storm with lymphopenia as well as the mechanism of damage to organ cells are unknown. It has been suggested that in viral pneumonia, virus itself is not a direct cause of acute lung injury; rather, aberrant immune reactions of the host to the insults from viral infection are responsible. According to its epidemiological and clinical characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 may be a virus with low virulence in nature that has adapted to the human species. Current immunological concepts have limited ability to explain such unsolved issues, and a presumed immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is presented under the proteinhomeostasis-system hypothesis. Every disease, including COVID-19, has etiological substances controlled by the host immune system according to size and biochemical properties. Patients with severe pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 show more severe hypercytokinemia with corresponding lymphocytopenia than patients with mild pneumonia; thus, early immunomodulator treatment, including corticosteroids, has been considered. However, current guidelines recommend their use only for patients with advanced pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia may be the same for all patients regardless of age or severity and the critical immune-mediated lung injury may begin in the early stage of the disease, early immunomodulator treatment, including corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, can help reduce morbidity and possibly mortality rates of older patients with underlying conditions.

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Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reaction 1 Host Immune Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coronaviruses and Immune Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

2020

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“…Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare bilateral, diffuse granulomatous, non-necrotizing panuveitis that occurs days to years following penetrating ocular trauma or intraocular surgery to one eye [1][2][3][4]. The injured eye is known as the exciting or inciting eye, while the contralateral eye is referred to as the sympathizing eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

Ong¹,

Nti²,

Arévalo³

2020

Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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“…Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare, bilateral, diffuse granulomatous intraocular inflammation that occurs after a surgery or penetrating trauma to one eye. [ 1 ] Most commonly described ocular manifestations include granulomatous panuveitis, exudative retinal detachment, papillitis, presence of Dalen Fuchs nodules and depigmentary alterations in the fundus. High-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants initiated at an early stage is necessary for a good visual prognosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants initiated at an early stage is necessary for a good visual prognosis. [ 1 ] Very rarely, they present with severe subretinal fibrosis resulting in poor visual prognosis. We report a rare finding of progressive subretinal fibrosis mimicking retinal necrosis with poor visual prognosis in two cases of sympathetic ophthalmia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive, subretinal fibrosis mimicking retinal necrosis with poor visual prognosis in sympathetic ophthalmia: A rare finding

Babu¹,

Jidesh²,

Sudheer³

et al. 2018

Indian J Ophthalmol

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We report a rare finding of progressive subretinal fibrosis mimicking retinal necrosis in 2 cases of sympathetic ophthalmia. Histopathology of the inciting eye and vitreous biopsy of the sympathizing eye ruled out infections and masquerades. Progression of inflammation and rapid deterioration of vision inspite of maximum immunosuppression are key findings in this variant of sympathetic ophthalmia.

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Sympathetic Ophthalmia

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

Progressive, subretinal fibrosis mimicking retinal necrosis with poor visual prognosis in sympathetic ophthalmia: A rare finding

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