Symptomatic Changes in CNS Aging and Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: Cross-sectional, Temporal, and Remediable Concomitants

Reisberg, Barry; Ferris, Steven H.; Kluger, Alan; Franssen, Emile; Leon, Mony J. de; Mittelman, M.; Borenstein, Jeffrey; Rameshwar, K.; Alba, Ricardo Martino

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46658-8_16

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is mostly made according to the DSM III-R criteria or NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (McKhann et al 1984). Common methods used to estimate the level of the dementia disease are the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al 1975) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) (Reisberg 1983, Reisberg et al 1989. Family members' narratives about patients' symptoms and actions in everyday life, and in their own social milieu, are important information when making the clinical diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolingual and Bilingual Communication Between Patients With Dementia Diseases and Their Caregivers

Ekman

1996

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the late stage, limited linguistic resources remain. Echolalia and mutism are characteristic features of this stage (Obler & Albert 1984, Reisberg et al 1989. Some demented patients exhibit vocally disruptive behaviour, such as shouting or screaming (Hallberg et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolingual and Bilingual Communication Between Patients With Dementia Diseases and Their Caregivers

Ekman

1996

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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“…Apraxias (Edwards et al, 1991;Ochipa et al, 1992;Rapcsak et al, 1989) and other declines in motor function (Franssen et al, 1991(Franssen et al, ,1993Reisberg et al, 1989) have been reported in the moderate to severe stages of AD. Apraxias (Edwards et al, 1991;Ochipa et al, 1992;Rapcsak et al, 1989) and other declines in motor function (Franssen et al, 1991(Franssen et al, ,1993Reisberg et al, 1989) have been reported in the moderate to severe stages of AD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Motor/Psychomotor Dysfunction in Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Decline, and Early Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic Features

Kluger

Gianutsos

Golomb

et al. 1997

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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To determine the association between cognitive dysfunction and motor behavior in older adults, 41 cognitively normal elderly (NL), 25 nondemented patients exhibiting mild cognitive impairment (MI) and at risk for future decline to dementia, and 25 patients with mild (early) Alzheimer's disease (AD) were examined using a wide array of motor/psychomotor and cognitive assessments. The three groups were recruited from an aging and dementia research center and were composed of well-characterized physically healthy volunteers, with similar ages and gender distributions. The outcome measures included 16 motor/psychomotor tests categorized a priori into gross, fine, and complex, as well as eight cognitive tests of memory and language. Relative to the NL group, MI individuals performed poorly on cognitive, fine, and complex motor measures but not on gross motor tests; AD patients performed worse on cognitive and all motor domains. Differences in complex motor function persisted after adjustment for performance on cognitive and on less complex motor tests. Classification analyses showed similar accuracies in discriminating NL from MIand NL from ADcases for both complex motor (79% and 92% accuracy, respectively) and cognitive tests (80% and 93% accuracy, respectively). Less complex motor tests produced poorer accuracies. Among nondemented subjects, education correlated with several cognitive scores but no motor scores. These results indicate that motor impairment is an important aspect of cognitive decline in older adults. Motor/psychomotor assessments were found to be comparably sensitive to traditional tests of cognitive function in identifying persons affected by the earliest stages of AD pathology and may improve identification of at-risk nondemented elderly, especially among diversely educated individuals.

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“…[21,22,231. These observations with regard to the clinical course of AD in relation to normal human development may be of relevance etiologically and therapeutically [25]. These observations with regard to the clinical course of AD in relation to normal human development may be of relevance etiologically and therapeutically [25].…”

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confidence: 89%

2. Alzheimer disease: the clinical syndrome; diagnostic and etiologic importance

Reisberg

2009

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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Symptomatic Changes in CNS Aging and Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: Cross-sectional, Temporal, and Remediable Concomitants

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Monolingual and Bilingual Communication Between Patients With Dementia Diseases and Their Caregivers

Monolingual and Bilingual Communication Between Patients With Dementia Diseases and Their Caregivers

Motor/Psychomotor Dysfunction in Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Decline, and Early Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic Features

2. Alzheimer disease: the clinical syndrome; diagnostic and etiologic importance

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