Symptomatic Partial Paralysis in Chicks infected with Plasmodium Juxtanucleare

Al-Dabagh, M. A.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(61)80026-x

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Weakness, neurological signs and greenish feces caused by severe cases of avian malaria have been described before (Al Dabagh et al 1961, Massard & Massard 1981, Massard 1982, Grim et al 2003. In this study, aggravating signs of infection were also observed: 17.39% of parasitized animals presented neurological signs and 52.17% of the malaria-positive penguins presented greenish to blackish diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…It is reported that during the acute phase of malaria, birds can lose body mass (Al Dabagh et al 1961, Massard & Massard 1981, Massard 1982, Fix et al 1988, Yorinks & Atkinson 2000, Atkinson et al 2001, justifying the average weight found in the animals infected with Plasmodium spp. (2.42kg ± 0.83) that was lower than the average weight found in the non-infected animals (3.02kg ±0.99).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT.-Campos S.D.E., Pires J.R., Nascimento C.L., Dutra G., Torres-Filho R.A., Toma H.K., Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) routinely migrate from their breeding colonies to Southern Brazil often contracting diseases during this migration, notably avian malaria, which has been already reported in Brazil and throughout the world. Detection of Plasmodium spp. in blood smears is the routine diagnostic method of avian malaria, however it has a low sensitivity rate when compared to molecular methods. Considering the negative impact of avian malaria on penguins, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of Plasmodium spp. in Magellanic penguins using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and by verifying clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations in blood samples as well as to verify the likely prognosis in response to infection. Blood samples were obtained from 75 penguins to determine packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels. Whole blood samples were used for PCR assays. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 32.0% of the specimens using PCR and in 29.3% using microscopic analyses. Anorexia, diarrhea and neurological disorders were more frequent in penguins with malaria and a significant weight difference between infected and non-infected penguins was detected. PCV and MCV rates showed no significant difference. RBC and WBC counts were lower in animals with avian malaria and leukopenia was present in some penguins. Basophil and lymphocyte counts were lower in infected penguins along with high monocyte counts. There was no significant difference in AST activities between infected and non-infected animals. There was a significant increase in uric acid values, however a decrease in albumin values was observed in infected penguins. Based on this study, we concluded that Plasmodium spp. occurs in Magellanic penguins of rehabilitation centers in Southeastern Considerando o impacto negativo da malária aviária nos pinguins, o objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de Plasmodium spp. em pinguins--de-Magalhães usando a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), verificar as alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas e o provável prognóstico em resposta à infecção. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 75 pinguins para determinar o hematócrito (Ht), contagens totais de eritrócitos e leucócitos, volume globular médio (VGM), concentração de ácido úrico, proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas e atividade da aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O sangue total foi usado para ensaios de PCR. A detecção de Plasmodium spp. foi obtida em 32,0% dos indivíduos pela PCR e em 29,3% pela análise microscópica. Anorexia, diarreia e alterações neurológicas foram mais frequentes nos pinguins com malária, e uma diferença significativa no peso entre pinguins infetados e não infectados foi detectada. Ht e VGM não mostraram diferença significativa. A contagem ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

et al. 2014

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“…Pathogenicity varies among the P. juxtanucleare strains, and high mortality was reported in experimentally infected chicks (Al-Dabagh 1961;Itagaki 1970). The clinical symptoms of the chronic infection caused by P. juxtanucleare in chickens are very discrete with absence of fitness consequences to the host (Fernando and Dissanaike 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, during the acute phase or high parasitemia, fowls with malaria can present loss of appetite, decrease of hematocrit value, hypertrophy of spleen and liver, neurological symptoms linked with cerebral and spinal cord lesions, leading to motor coordination problems and leading to death in the most severe cases (Al-Dabagh 1961;Grim et al 2003;Palinauskas et al 2008). Additionally, P. juxtanucleare may be a risk to rare species, which are included in programs for the conservation of wildlife (Murata et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rutin and chloroquine on White Leghorn chickens infected with Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare

Balthazar

Vashist

Cabral

et al. 2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Plasmodium juxtanucleare is one of the agents that cause avian malaria in chickens and little is known about the treatment of the infection. The aim of this study was to compare the antimalarial activities of rutin and chloroquine in chickens infected with P. juxtanucleare after immunosuppression with corticosteroid. Antimalarial activity was verified in 33 fowls by evaluation of parasitemia levels in Giemsa-stained blood smears taken to 30 days. Rutin did not exert a reduction in parasitemia from P. juxtanucleare when compared to chloroquine treatment that kept the parasites at a low level, demonstrating its antimalarial effect. During the course of the infection, the trophozoite stage predominated (80%), followed by schizont (17%) and gametocyte (3%). Maximum parasitemia levels were recorded on day 12 in control and rutin groups. There were no significant differences in the hematocrit values, weight body or the temperature of the fowls among the groups evaluated (p > 0.05).

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“…However, severe cases were reported in immunocompromised birds and/or birds under stress [1,11]. Pathogenicity varies among the P. juxtanucleare strains, and high mortality was reported in young experimentally infected chicks [1,10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare Infection in a Captive White Eared-Pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese Zoo

Murata

Nii

Sasaki

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. An adult male white eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese zoo exhibited lethargy and emaciation. Microscopic examination of a blood smear revealed a haemosporidian parasitic infection. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the parasite, it was identified as Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare. This is the first report of P. juxtanucleare infection in bird species belonging to the genus Crossoptilon. Caution against avian malaria infection is required for the conservation of endangered bird species in zoos. KEY WORDS: haemosporidian parasite, Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare, white eared-pheasant.

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Symptomatic Partial Paralysis in Chicks infected with Plasmodium Juxtanucleare

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

Effect of rutin and chloroquine on White Leghorn chickens infected with Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare

Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare Infection in a Captive White Eared-Pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese Zoo

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