Synbiotic as Feed Additives Relating to Animal Health and Performance

Abstract

According to the increasing of human population in the world, it reached about seven billion people and it continuously increased. In this background, the food source in both animal and plant origin must be increased accordingly. For these we must use and add some feed additives such as antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic, postbiotic and synbiotic for the animal feed to increase production (meat, egg, milk and fish) and improve health. In early cases, probiotic as mono or mixed beneficial live microorganism was used as feed additive that plays a significant role in several health conditions and performances. In another way, the scientists use some ingredients indigestible with carbohydrates origin, especially oligosaccharides as a source of energy for beneficial microorganisms in the body which were called prebiotic, and it is indigestible fermented food substrates that stimulate the growth, composition and activity of microorganisms in gastrointestinal and improve host. Most of the scientists urged to use all the above in such way that have more benefits in animal health and performance which were therefore called synbiotic, that was a combination between probiotic and prebiotic which beneficially had significant effects on the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus improving animal health and performance. So, it was proposed that the synbiotic in this research increased beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and improved intestinal architect, and then promoted intestine environment. Consequently, it can improve blood indices, and especially decrease bad cholesterol (Low-density lipoprotein), decrease harmful microorganisms and toxins. However, it can also improve ingredient product, increase mineral absorption and nutrient. In conclusion, it can improve animal health and performance.

Effects of dietary addition of synbiotic on the performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails

“…The positive effects of probiotics and prebiotics on intestinal flora are well known. In this study, the improvement in growth performance may be associated with Syn assistance in digestion and absorption, such as with protein (Hamasalim, 2016). This improvement in growth performance may be explained by the positive effect of the use of Syn as an additive on protein metabolism in the present study.…”

“…The supplementation of Syn increased the serum HDL level which is the "good" cholesterol and decreased the abdominal fat percentage, showing positive effect of Syn on the lipid mechanism. Although the effect mechanisms of probiotics and prebiotics are not well known, it is known that they have a regulatory effect on lipid and cholesterol metabolism (Gibson and Raberfroid, 1995;Hamasalim, 2016). Probiotic and prebiotic supplementations that decrease absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and/or the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver can lead to a reduction in the serum cholesterol of broiler chickens fed probiotic-and prebiotic-supplemented diets (Mohan et al, 1996).…”

“…It is known that probiotics on the small intestine, prebiotics on the large intestine, and synbiotics on both small and large intestines have a positive effect (Gibson and Roberfroid, 1995;Hamasalim, 2016). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of Syn on performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters of both genders of Japanese quails.…”

“…The use of Syn in poultry production encourages a healthy gut via certain possible mechanisms, such as enhancing the immune system (Hamasalim, 2016), lowering pH, and increasing protective gut mucus (Nikpiran et al, 2014), creating an antimicrobial effect (Likotrafiti et al, 2016), increasing the digestibility of nutrients (Awad et al, 2008), and enhancing nutrition performance (Elfaki and Mukhtar, 2015;Pelícia et al, 2004). In previous studies conducted on poultry, it was reported that the use of Syn enhances growth performance (Vahdatpour et al, 2011;Min et al, 2016) and carcass yield (Pelícia et al, 2004).…”

A review of intestinal microbes in grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellus(Valenciennes)

“…Probiotic is defined as “a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance” (Fuller, ). Typical microorganisms used as probiotics are lactic acid bacteria that ferment hexose sugars into lactic acid, thus producing an acidic environment inhibiting the growth of harmful bacterial species (Fijan, ; Hamasalim, ). The effectiveness of probiotics has been studied in grass carp (Wu , Feng et al., ; Zhou et al., ), and probiotics have been proven capable of improving growth rate and disease resistance in grass carp (Shen et al., ; Wang, ; Wu, Jiang et al., ).…”