Synchronous Counter Design Using Novel Level Sensitive T-FF in QCA Technology

Majeed, Ali H.; Alkaldy, Esam; Zainal, Mohd Shamian; Nor, Danial Md

doi:10.3390/jlpea9030027

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In QCA literature, the counters and flip-flops are discussed a lot [19]. Many structures of D-lathes and flip-flops were introduced in QCA technology.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Memory Structures in QCA Nano Technology

Majeed

Alkaldy²,

Zainal³

et al. 2020

IJEEE

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Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new emerging technology for designing electronic circuits in nanoscale. QCA technology comes to overcome the CMOS limitation and to be a good alternative as it can work in ultra-high-speed. QCA brought researchers attention due to many features such as low power consumption, small feature size in addition to high frequency. Designing circuits in QCA technology with minimum costs such as cells count and the area is very important. This paper presents novel structures of D-latch and D-Flip Flop with the lower area and cell count. The proposed Flip-Flop has SET and RESET ability. The proposed latch and Flip-Flop have lower complexity compared with counterparts in terms of cell counts by 32% and 26% respectively. The proposed circuits are designed and simulated in QCADesigner software.

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“…In QCA literature, the counters and flip-flops are discussed a lot [19]. Many structures of D-lathes and flip-flops were introduced in QCA technology.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Memory Structures in QCA Nano Technology

Majeed

Alkaldy²,

Zainal³

et al. 2020

IJEEE

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“…Majority with inverter, Figure 4, gives QCA technology the ability to design any Boolean function. Multi-input majority also was considered by researchers (Navi et al , 2010; Navi et al , 2010; Akeela and Wagh, 2011; Roohi et al , 2014; Majeed et al , 2019), and its reliability was studied in (Alkaldy and Navi, 2013).…”

Section: Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arrangement of electrons gives the cell its polarization. Because there are only two arrangements of electrons inside the cell, so it can be used as a binary representation instead of voltage level as in CMOS (Rashidi et al , 2016; Majeed et al , 2019). One of the main QCA technology problems that the circuit delay and functionality is depending on the circuit layout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of RAM cell using novel 2:1 multiplexer in QCA technology

Majeed

Alkaldy

Zainal

et al. 2019

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Purpose Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has attracted computer scientists as new emerging nanotechnology for replacement the current CMOS technology because it has unique characteristics such as high frequency, extremely small feature size and low power consumption. The main building blocks in QCA are the majority gate and inverter so any Boolean function can be represented using these gates. Many important circuits were the target for implemented in this technology in an optimal form, such as random-access memory (RAM) cell. QCA-RAM cells were introduced in literature with different forms but most of them are not optimized enough. This paper aims to demonstrate QCA inherent capabilities that can facilitate the design of many important gates such as the XOR gate and multiplexer (MUX) without following any Boolean function to get an optimum design in terms of complexity and delay. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a novel structure of QCA-MUX in an optimal form will be used to design two unique structures of a RAM cell. The proposed RAM cells are the lowest cost required compared with different counterparts. The presented RAM cells used a new approach that follows the new suggested block diagram. The presented circuits are simulated and tested with QCADesigner and QCAPro tools. Findings The comparison of the proposed circuits with the previously reported in the literature show noticeable improvements in speed, area, and the number of cells. The cost function analysis results for the proposed RAM cells show significant improvement compared to older circuits. Originality/value A novel structure of QCA-MUX in an optimal form will be used to design two unique structures of a RAM cell.

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“…The clock signal controls the barriers between the dots to allow or prevent the electrons tunneling between dots inside a cell. QCA circuit operation is controlled typically using four clock signals dividing the circuit into many zones, each zone contains four phases (relax, switch, hold, and release), as shown in Figure 5, so as to maintain the circuit close to ground state and provide adiabatic switching [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Power-Efficient Structures of the CAM Cell using a New Approach in QCA Nanoelectronics Technology

Majeed¹,

Abdulelah²,

Zainal³

et al. 2021

IJEEI

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Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new emerging nano-electronic technology. Owing to its many favorable features, such as low energy requirements, high speed, and small size, QCA is being actively suggested as a future CMOS replacement by researchers. Many digital circuits have been introduced in QCA technology, most of them aiming to reach the function with optimum construction in terms of area, cell count and power consumption. The memory circuit is the main building block in the digital system therefore the researchers paid attention to design the memory cells with minimum requirements. In this paper, a new methodology is introduced to design two forms of CAM cells. The proposed designs required two 2:1 multiplexers, one OR gate and one inverter. The first proposed design reduces the power consumption by 53.3%, 35% and 25.9% at (0.5 Ek, 1 Ek, and 1.5 Ek) while the second design by 53.2%, 31.9% and 20.5% (0.5 Ek, 1 Ek, and 1.5 Ek) respectively.

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Synchronous Counter Design Using Novel Level Sensitive T-FF in QCA Technology

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Novel Memory Structures in QCA Nano Technology

Novel Memory Structures in QCA Nano Technology

Optimal design of RAM cell using novel 2:1 multiplexer in QCA technology

Design of Power-Efficient Structures of the CAM Cell using a New Approach in QCA Nanoelectronics Technology

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