Synergistic Effect of Biogenics Derived from Potential Probiotics Together with Zingerone Against Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Abstract

Biogenics are compounds produced by living organisms such as animals, plants, bacteria, etc. Probiotics and their biogenics are known for their antimicrobial potential. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the antibiofilm potential of probiotic-derived biogenics in conjunction with zingerone against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of potential probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici BNS5B and Lactobacillus fermentum PUM was found to inhibit the growth of Ps. aeruginosa PAO1 maximally among the nineteen isolated lactic acid bacteria. L. fermentum PUM produced precipitated protein fraction (PP), organic acids (OAs), exopolysaccharides (EPSs), biosurfactants (BSs) and various volatile antimicrobial compounds, while Ped. acidilactici BNS5B was found to produce PP, OA, EPS, BS and fewer volatile antimicrobial compounds only. More specifically, CFS and selected biogenics (OA and PP from L. fermentum PUM; OA from Ped. acidilactici BNS5B) of both potential probiotics showed synergy with zingerone against Ps. aeruginosa growth as observed by FIC index (< 0.5). Interestingly, CFS of both potential probiotics in combination with zingerone led to the formation of a more distorted biofilm compared with OA of L. fermentum PUM and zingerone, OA of Ped. acidilactici BNS5B and zingerone, PP of L. fermentum PUM and zingerone as well as their individual counterparts. Similarly, both confocal laser scanning microscopy and XTT assay showed an increased number of dead and impaired cells along with the decreased viability of biofilm cells. Thus, it can be reckoned that a combination of probiotic-derived biogenics and zingerone can have therapeutic application against Ps. aeruginosa infections which needs to be validated clinically.

The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective

“…There is potential for probiotic-derived compounds, such as surface-layer proteins and bacteriocins, to exhibit advantageous effects beyond their interaction with living organisms ( Kirk et al, 2017 ; Butorac et al, 2020 ; Chandla et al, 2021 ). For instance, pretreatment with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis conditioned medium (BiCM) prevented the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α induced ROS damage and the drop in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), suggesting that this particular organism is capable of secreting a bioactive substance ( Lomasney et al, 2014 ).…”

Elimination of Pathogen Biofilms via Postbiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Method in Food and Biomedicine

“…The synergistic effect of bacteriocin with other antibacterial agents, the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs), and application of bioengineering all enhance its antibiofilm activity [94]. Under the influence of bacteriocin and EPS of LAB, the number of living Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 cells forming a biofilm in vitro under laboratory conditions decreased significantly [95]. Bacteriocin from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus XN2 demonstrated antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria at the cellular and QS levels, which induced the expression of the luxS gene encoding Al-2 synthetase [96].…”

ESKAPEE Pathogen Biofilm Control on Surfaces with Probiotic Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus species

“…Among Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was the most frequently reported species, with 36 instances of growth inhibiting, bactericidal, or anti-biofilm properties against at least one ESKAPEE pathogen . Lactobacillus fermentum [21,22,28,30,31,43,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus [19,21,25,27,31,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] were both reported 17 times, Lactobacillus acidophilus was reported 16 times [21,28,55,67,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]…”