Synergistic effect of grain size and phase boundary on energy storage performance and electric properties of BCZT ceramics

Thermal-stability of the enhanced piezoelectric, energy storage and electrocaloric properties of a lead-free BCZT ceramic

“…A small variation of d * 33;ave was observed below 50 C, nevertheless, as increasing the temperature, a gradual decrease of d * 33;ave was detected letting a maximal d * 33;ave value of 234 pm V À1 at 30 C. Praveen et al 41 stated that BZT-52BCT ceramic exhibits a comparable strain and d * 33 values of 0.076% and 250 pm V À1 , respectively, under 30 kV cm À1 and at 40 C, this value is comparable to that obtained in our BCZT ceramic. Moreover, 44 Besides, Cai et al 15 observed that as increasing the grain size (from 8.25 mm to 44.37 mm), the strain increases (0.086% to 0.115%) and correspondingly, d * 33 values enhanced (from 427.7 to 574.25 pm V À1 ). It should be mentioned that the piezoelectric parameters depend strongly on the extrinsic contribution, which occurs principally from the motion of the domain walls owing to the grain size effect.…”

“…A buttery-like shape was observed at temperatures below T C due to the lattice distortion and the switching and movement of domain walls by the electric eld. 15,38,39 Consequently, the maximal average strain (S max ) was found to be 0.062%. However, a sprout-like shape was noticed at higher temperatures due to the ferroelectricity's gradual disruption.…”

“…44 In other words, the domain in the coarse and large grain is easier to switch than in small grain, leading to an improved piezoelectric response. 15 Furthermore, the differences in the results could be likewise ascribed to the chemical compositions, the sintering temperature, the applied electric eld, the poling effect and the measurement conditions. 45 3.5 Energy storage performances BCZT ferroelectric relaxor materials draw much attention for energy applications due to their excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties.…”

“…[11][12][13] Hanani et al 11 reported the thermal-stability of the energy storage and electrocaloric properties of BCZT ceramic elaborated by low-temperature hydrothermal processing, and found a small energy storage variation (ESV) of 12.7% between 27 and 127 C, alongside with enhanced recovered energy storage (W rec ) of 414.1 mJ cm À3 at 107 C. In addition, Puli et al 14 investigated the energy storage performances in (1 À x)BZT-xBCT (x ¼ 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) system and observed improved W rec and high energy storage efficiency (h) of 680 mJ cm À3 and 72.8%, respectively, at x ¼ 0.15 under 170 kV cm À1 . Besides, Cai et al 15 studied the effect of grain size on the dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and energy storage performances, and observed that the piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) gradually increases with the grain size increasing, however, despite the enhanced h, low W rec and modest ESV were reported.…”

Thermally-stable high energy storage performances and large electrocaloric effect over a broad temperature span in lead-free BCZT ceramic

“…15 It is worth recalling that the BCZT powder was elaborated at 160 C for 24 h in contrast to other lead-freebased powders reported in the literature, including BCZT, which request an inevitable calcination step at high temperature. 25,26,57,[61][62][63][64][65]69 Hence, the hydrothermal method has better advantages in the elaboration of BCZT ceramics at lower sintering temperatures and with outstanding and thermally-stable energy storage performances.…”