Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts

Li, Dan; Bou‐Zeid, Elie

doi:10.1175/jamc-d-13-02.1

Cited by 710 publications

(475 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, Li and Bou-Zeid, 2013 [51] used observational data from Baltimore, MD, to show that heat waves increase the UHI intensity. Their data demonstrate that the 2008 heat wave increased the nighttime UHI from 0.5 to 2.5 • C and the daytime UHI from 0.25 to 1.5 • C. Li et al, 2015 [52] also use observational data from China to show that heat waves increase the UHI.…”

Section: Uhi Exacerbation During Hot Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Urban Heat and Exacerbation: Development of a Heat Island Index for California

Taha¹

2017

Climate

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Abstract:To further evaluate the factors influencing public heat and air-quality health, a characterization of how urban areas affect the thermal environment, particularly in terms of the air temperature, is necessary. To assist public health agencies in ranking urban areas in terms of heat stress and developing mitigation plans or allocating various resources, this study characterized urban heat in California and quantified an urban heat island index (UHII) at the census-tract level (~1 km 2 ). Multi-scale atmospheric modeling was carried out and a practical UHII definition was developed. The UHII was diagnosed with different metrics and its spatial patterns were characterized for small, large, urban-climate archipelago, inland, and coastal areas. It was found that within each region, wide ranges of urban heat and UHII exist. At the lower end of the scale (in smaller urban areas), the UHII reaches up to 20 degree-hours per day (DH/day; • C.hr/day), whereas at the higher end (in larger areas), it reaches up to 125 DH/day or greater. The average largest temperature difference (urban heat island) within each region ranges from 0.5-1.0 • C in smaller areas to up to 5 • C or more at the higher end, such as in urban-climate archipelagos. Furthermore, urban heat is exacerbated during warmer weather and that, in turn, can worsen the health impacts of heat events presently and in the future, for which it is expected that both the frequency and duration of heat waves will increase.

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Section: Uhi Exacerbation During Hot Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Urban Heat and Exacerbation: Development of a Heat Island Index for California

Taha¹

2017

Climate

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“…Zhou et al (2013) [18] discovered increasing UHI intensities with an increasing boundary temperature for some cities in Europe. Synergistic interactions between UHIs and the warming climate are also evident (i.e., the magnitude of the urban-rural temperature difference is also increased when the background temperature increases) [40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Northern West Siberian Cities

Miles

Esau

2017

Remote Sensing

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Anthropogenic heat and modified landscapes raise air and surface temperatures in urbanized areas around the globe. This phenomenon is widely known as an urban heat island (UHI). Previous UHI studies, and specifically those based on remote sensing data, have not included cities north of 60 • N. A few in situ studies have indicated that even relatively small cities in high latitudes may exhibit significantly amplified UHIs. The UHI characteristics and factors controlling its intensity in high latitudes remain largely unknown. This study attempts to close this knowledge gap for 28 cities in northern West Siberia (NWS). NWS cities are convenient for urban intercomparison studies as they have relatively similar cold continental climates, and flat, rather homogeneous landscapes. We investigated the UHI in NWS cities using the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD 11A2 land surface temperature (LST) product in 8-day composites. The analysis reveals that all 28 NWS cities exhibit a persistent UHI in summer and winter. The LST analysis found differences in summer and winter regarding the UHI effect, and supports the hypothesis of seasonal differences in the causes of UHI formation. Correlation analysis found the strongest relationships between the UHI and population (log P). Regression models using log P alone could explain 65-67% of the variability of UHIs in the region. Additional explanatory power-at least in summer-is provided by the surrounding background temperatures, which themselves are strongly correlated with latitude. The performed regression analysis thus confirms the important role of the surrounding temperature in explaining spatial-temporal variation of UHI intensity. These findings suggest a climatological basis for these phenomena and, given the importance of climatic warming, an aspect that deserves future study.

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“…This is a bit puzzling, given (1) that GCMs predict an increase in the intensity, duration and frequency of heat waves and (2) that UHI intensity normally increases during heat waves [43]. It would appear straightforward to assume an increase also in the average UHI intensity.…”

Section: Discussion Regarding the Uhi Intensity Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Urban Heat Island Projections for Cities Worldwide: Dynamical Downscaling CMIP5 Global Climate Models

Lauwaet

Hooyberghs

Maiheu

et al. 2015

Climate

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Abstract:A new dynamical downscaling methodology to analyze the impact of global climate change on the local climate of cities worldwide is presented. The urban boundary layer climate model UrbClim is coupled to 11 global climate models contained in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 archive, conducting 20-year simulations for present (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) and future (2081-2100) climate conditions, considering the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate scenario. The evolution of the urban heat island of eight different cities, located on three continents, is quantified and assessed, with an unprecedented horizontal resolution of a few hundred meters. For all cities, urban and rural air temperatures are found to increase strongly, up to 7 °C. However, the urban heat island intensity in most cases increases only slightly, often even below the range of uncertainty. A potential explanation, focusing on the role of increased incoming longwave radiation, is put forth. Finally, an alternative method for generating urban climate projections is proposed, combining the ensemble temperature change statistics and the results of the present-day urban climate.

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Synergistic Interactions between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves: The Impact in Cities Is Larger than the Sum of Its Parts

Cited by 710 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of Urban Heat and Exacerbation: Development of a Heat Island Index for California

Characterization of Urban Heat and Exacerbation: Development of a Heat Island Index for California

Seasonal and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Northern West Siberian Cities

Detailed Urban Heat Island Projections for Cities Worldwide: Dynamical Downscaling CMIP5 Global Climate Models

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