Synergistic toxic effects of citrinin, ochratoxin A and penicillic acid in mice

Sansing, G. A.; Lillehoj, E. B.; Detroy, R. W.; Miller, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(76)90009-x

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The 50% lethal dose for ducks is 57 mg/kg; for chickens it is 95 mg/kg; and for rabbits it is 134 mg/kg (100). Citrinin can act synergistically with ochratoxin A to depress RNA synthesis in murine kidneys (223). For a review of the early literature, see Krogh (142).…”

Section: Citrininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins

2003

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by microfungi that are capable of causing disease and death in humans and other animals. Because of their pharmacological activity, some mycotoxins or mycotoxin derivatives have found use as antibiotics, growth promotants, and other kinds of drugs; still others have been implicated as chemical warfare agents. This review focuses on the most important ones associated with human and veterinary diseases, including aflatoxin, citrinin, ergot akaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone

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Section: Citrininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins

2003

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“…2) is considered as one of the strongest nephrotoxins to animals, and the levels of toxicity differ between species (56). Citrinin can act together with Ochratoxin A, interfere with RNA synthesis and suppress it in rodent kidneys (105). Citrinin is known to inhibit cytokine expression and reduce the interleukin-4 in T-helper type 1 which would result in increasing the risk of allergies in humans (106).…”

Section: The Action Of Mycotoxins On the Cellular Genome And Its Effementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The chemical nature of most of the mycotoxins makes them highly liposoluble compounds that can be absorbed from the site of exposure such as from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract to the blood stream where it can be dissimilated throughout the body and reach different organs such as the liver and kidneys. Mycotoxins have a strong tendency and ability to penetrate the human and animal cells and reach the cellular genome where it causes a major mutagenic change in the nucleotide sequence which leads to strong and permanent defects in the genome. This defect will eventually be transcribed, translated and lead to the development of cancer. In this review, the chemical and physical nature of mycotoxins, the action of mycotoxins on the cellular genome and its effect on humans, mycotoxins and their carcinogenicity and mycotoxins research gaps are discussed, and new research areas are suggested. The research review posed various questions. What are the different mycotoxins that can cause cancer, what is the role of mycotoxins in causing cancer and what types of cancers can be caused by mycotoxins? These questions have been selected due to the significant increase in the mycotoxin contamination and the cancer incidence rate in the contemporary world. By revealing and understanding the role of mycotoxins in developing cancer, measures to reduce the risks and incidents of cancer could be taken.

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“…Because ochratoxin A and citrinin, which are both nephrotoxins, have been found together in food [Friis et al, 19691 and feed [Scott et al, 1972;Krogh et al, 19761, a number of studies [Sansing et al, 1976; …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When mice were used to measure LD,,, Sansing et al 119763 noted a synergistic effect. The data from these studies were analyzed in various ways: five groups used no statistics, partly because of the qualitative nature of some of the data [Kitchen et al, 1977a,b;Creppy et al, 1980;Kanisawa, 1984;Brown et al, 19861, and three used quantitative data [Thacker et al, 1975;Sansing et al, 1976;Vesela eta]., 19831 to assess synergism vs. antagonism vs. additivity. Of the latter three, Vesela et al [ 19831 measured toxicity in the chick embryo, using a log logistical model and quanta1 data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of citrinin and ochratoxin A

et al. 1994

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The mycotoxins citrinin and ochratoxin A are produced in common by some molds and have been found together in a number of foods and animal feeds. We used in vitro tests to determine if the same effects are produced by these two mycotoxins when they act both independently and together. Renal cortical cubes prepared from kidneys of young adult Hormel-Hanford miniature swine were cultured in the presence or absence of the toxins for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The concentration of the toxins both singly and in combination ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M. The tissues were incubated, removed, rinsed, and reincubated to measure transport of either tetraethylammonium (TEA) or paraminohippurate (PAH) ions and protein synthesis, using 3H-leucine. The transport data were analyzed by a recently developed logistic function test to ascertain whether the effects were additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. The significance of deviation was tested after a potency multiplier was added to the mixture. Data for three of the five experiments measuring TEA transport indicated a synergistic effect; for the other two, the results were not significantly different from additivity. The same was true for PAH transport. For protein synthesis, one experiment showed synergism; for the other, nonadditivity was not significant. None of the measurements showed antagonism between the two toxins. As with several other systems, tests of biochemical effects showed that administration of citrinin and ochratoxin A together did not elicit either consistent or strong synergistic responses.

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Synergistic toxic effects of citrinin, ochratoxin A and penicillic acid in mice

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Mycotoxins

Mycotoxins

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Interaction of citrinin and ochratoxin A

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