Synergy between alkali activation and a salt template in superactive carbon production from lignin

Ponomarev, Nikolai; Kallioinen, Mari

doi:10.1088/1361-6528/abc9eb

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The KOH consumption is 0.32 t/t when the loss is evaluated on the basis of the experimental findings (Table 2). It is assumed that 21–24% content of K 2 CO 3 in the regenerated KOH–K 2 CO 3 mixture would not appreciably influence the final properties of SAC since the K 2 CO 3 –KCl mixture results in a similar surface area (>2600 m 2 /g) to KOH–KCl in line with our previous studies 18 . Based on the experimental data, 5% of KCl is lost in the processing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The characteristics of the SAC produced with this process, in which KOH was used as an activation agent with a combination of KCl, are presented in Table 2 18,19 . The samples have high specific surface areas of 2459 and 2490 m 2 /g, achieved with significantly reduced KOH consumption (1.00 g/g) compared with samples produced with the previously reported methods 13,58 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The potassium chloride was also almost fully recovered, indicating an approximately 94% recovery percentage. This is most probably due to KCl acting as a template for pore formation and its contribution to the chemical reactions is negligible 18 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve the data for the TEA, superactive carbon was produced at a lab scale according to the optimized procedure reported in our previous studies 18 . Lignin was mixed with KOH and KCl in a mortar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major part of the process costs is due to the use of KOH in large amounts and thus lowering KOH consumption and increasing its reuse would decrease these costs. Recently, we published a study showing the possibility of decreasing KOH consumption in SAC production by as much as 3–4 times through the application of a novel method 18,19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno‐Economic assessment for superactive carbon production from side stream lignin

Ponomarev

O'Shea

Nuortila‐Jokinen

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Superactive carbon (SAC), having a high surface area of over 2500 m2/g, could be a superior choice for many applications. However, the manufacture of SAC in bulk quantities is challenging. To demonstrate the possibility of SAC manufacturing in large amounts, a techno‐economic assessment was performed. For that purpose, a new method utilizing a mixture of waste lignin, KOH and KCl was employed. The chemicals were recovered after use. The technical assessment was performed based on laboratory‐scale experimental findings, a simplified process diagram, and mass and heat balance calculations. The economic evaluation was assessed through the estimation of capital costs (CAPEX), operational costs (OPEX) and the minimum selling price (MSP). Moreover, to demonstrate the potential costs saving for the water treatment process, the performance of SAC for the removal of natural organic matter was compared with that of commercial active carbon. SAC was obtained at a minimized KOH amount (1 g/g) and chemicals were successfully recovered with a rate of 5–10% losses. The CAPEX, OPEX and MSP were found to be 4–21 million EUR, 1–9 million EUR/year and 4.4–2.9 kEUR/t for a 0.5–5.0 t/year production capacity, respectively, at a profitability requirement of 20% and a less than 5 year payback period. In addition, SAC demonstrated considerably higher adsorptive capacity for natural organic matter (600–900 mg total organic carbon/g) compared with commercial active carbon (40–50 mg total organic carbon/g), which could lead to substantial process savings. SAC manufacture through this method has been validated and the benefit for the potential application is sufficiently clear to promote the successful commercialization of SAC using lignin wastes. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Techno‐Economic assessment for superactive carbon production from side stream lignin

Ponomarev

O'Shea

Nuortila‐Jokinen

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Pioneering electrochemical detection unveils erdafitinib: a breakthrough in anticancer agent determination

Yildir,

Genc,

Erk

et al. 2024

Microchim Acta

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The successful fabrication is reported of highly crystalline Co nanoparticles interconnected with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) -based amorphous porous carbon using the molten-salt-assisted approach utilizing NaCl. Single crystal diffractometers (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the codoped amorphous carbon structure. Crystallite size was calculated by Scherrer (34 nm) and Williamson-Hall models (42 nm). The magnetic properties of NPCS (N-doped porous carbon sheet) were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The NPCS has a magnetic saturation (Ms) value of 1.85 emu/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that Co/Co3O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed in the carbon matrix. While a low melting point eutectic salt acts as an ionic liquid solvent, ZIF-12, at high temperature, leading cobalt nanoparticles with a trace amount of Co3O4 interconnected by conductive amorphous carbon. In addition, the surface area (89.04 m2/g) and pore architectures of amorphous carbon embedded with Co nanoparticles are created using the molten salt approach. Thanks to this inexpensive and effective method, the optimal composite porous carbon structures were obtained with the strategy using NaCl salt and showed distinct electrochemical performance on electrochemical methodology revealing the analytical profile of Erdatifinib (ERD) as a sensor modifier. The linear response spanned from 0.01 to 7.38 μM, featuring a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.36 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11.2 nM. The developed sensor was examined in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The fabricated electrode was utilized for the quantification of Erdafitinib in urine samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This research provides a fresh outlook on the advancements in electrochemical sensor technology concerning the development and detection of anticancer drugs within the realms of medicine and pharmacology. Graphical Abstract

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CO2 pyrolysis kinetics and characteristics of lignin-rich hydrolysis residue produced from a tandem process of steam-stripping and acid hydrolysis

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Fuel

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Synergy between alkali activation and a salt template in superactive carbon production from lignin

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Techno‐Economic assessment for superactive carbon production from side stream lignin

Techno‐Economic assessment for superactive carbon production from side stream lignin

Pioneering electrochemical detection unveils erdafitinib: a breakthrough in anticancer agent determination

CO2 pyrolysis kinetics and characteristics of lignin-rich hydrolysis residue produced from a tandem process of steam-stripping and acid hydrolysis

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