Syntheses, Characterization and Applications of Graft Copolymers of Sago Starch – A Review

Abstract

Modified natural polymers with improved structural, physical, and chemical properties have been gaining increasing importance in the industry as they are abundant, cheap, renewable, and biodegradable. Graft copolymerization is one of the effective ways to improve the properties of natural polymers. Sago starch (SG) based graft copolymers are becoming increasingly important due to their remarkable adhesion, high water absorbency, and biodegradability. There are many reports on the physico‐chemical characteristics, pharmaceutical applications, and several other chemical modifications (esterification, etherification, oxidation of OH groups etc.) of SG, but only a few review articles include studies on its graft copolymers. This review article summarizes use of different chemical initiators and irradiation techniques for generation of starch macroradicals. It also includes the effect of monomer and initiator concentration, reaction time, and temperature on grafting parameters such as percentage grafting and grafting efficiency. It discusses the employment of techniques such as Infra‐red spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction in the characterization of graft copolymers of SG. Owing to excellent mechanical and swelling properties, graft copolymers of SG find application in various fields such as chelating resins, drug delivery systems, wound dressing, coagulants, paper additives, film coatings etc.

Functional characteristics, dry heating and irradiation treatment of starch – A short review

“…Dry-heating was carried out to modify the hydrophobicity of quinoa starch (Marefati et al, 2013). Changes in granular strength and pasting viscosities of rice starch after dry heating were found to be dependent on duration and temperature of dry heating treatment by Lele et al (2018). Resistant starch content was also observed to increase on dry heating treatment by these authors.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymer of Sago Starch- g- Poly (Acrylamide) Using Potassium Persulphate Initiator

“…The percentage grafting efficiency (%GE), percentage grafting (%G) and % Add-on were calculated using following formulae ( Athawale V. D. et al, 1998;Athawale V. D., 1998;Athawale V. D. & Lele, 1998;Lele V., 2015aLele V., , 2015bLele V., Savita K,. &, Harshada N., 2018):…”

“…These various reports on grafting of AM onto various starches, generated interest in us to extending such study to sago starch. Lele & Savita (2018) have reported the optimization of three reaction parameters i.e. initiator concentration, monomer concentration and polymerization temperature, of sago starch grafted with acrylamide in earlier article.…”

Quantification of Optimal Reaction Parameters for the Synthesis of a Polysaccharide‐Based Graft Copolymers Using Combined Shannon's Entropy and Data Envelopment Analysis

“…Hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides grafted synthetic polymers are widely used in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and water remediation fields. Several approaches are known to study the behavior and properties of hydrogels but only a few approaches are under development to mathematically describe their behavior.…”