Synthesis and Characterization of a Conducting Polymer: An Electrochemical Experiment for General Chemistry

Bunting, R. K.; Swarat, Karsten; Yan, Dajing; Finello, D.

doi:10.1021/ed074p421

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Electrochemical generation of ICPs is based mainly on the oxidative condensation of different aromatic heterocycles and derivatives through the formation of radical cations [5]. Pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, and carbazole are among the simplest molecules that can be electrochemically polymerized due to their inherent low oxidation potential [6]. Corresponding electrosynthesized ICPs have shown potential applications in electrocatalysis, batteries, capacitors, sensors, biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and electrochromic devices [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization

et al. 2019

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Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been widely utilized in organic electronics, actuators, electrochromic devices, and sensors. Many potential applications demand the formation of thin polymer films, which can be generated by electrochemical polymerization. Electrochemical methods are quite powerful and versatile and can be utilized for investigation of ICPs, both for educational purposes and materials chemistry research. In this study, we show that potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques can be utilized for generating and characterizing thin polymer films under the context of educational chemistry research and state-of-the-art polymer research. First, two well-known bifunctional monomers (with only two linking sites)—aniline and bithiophene—and their respective ICPs—polyaniline (PANI) and polybithiophene (PBTh)—were electrochemically generated and characterized. Tests with simple electrochromic devices based on PANI and PBTh were carried out at different doping levels, where changes in the UV-VIS absorption spectra and color were ascribed to changes in the polymer structures. These experiments may attract students’ interest in the electrochemical polymerization of ICPs as doping/dedoping processes can be easily understood from observable color changes to the naked eye, as shown for the two polymers. Second, two new carbazole-based multifunctional monomers (with three or more linking sites)—tris(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPTCzSiOH) and tris(3,5-di(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPHxCzSiOH)—were synthesized to produce thin films of cross-linked polymer networks by electropolymerization. These thin polymer films were characterized by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments and nitrogen sorption, and the results showed a microporous nature with high specific surface areas up to 930 m2g−1. PTPHxCzSiOH-modified glassy carbon electrodes showed an enhanced electrochemical response to nitrobenzene as prototypical nitroaromatic compound compared to unmodified glassy carbon electrodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization

et al. 2019

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“…Polypyrrole is an electrically conductive polymer synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole. 19 If each pyrrole monomer losses just 2 electrons, the polymer is not conductive. The polymer becomes conductive when it is oxidized further.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An electrochemical sensing method for the determination of levodopa using a poly(4-methyl-ortho-phenylenediamine)/MWNT modified GC electrode

Kamyabi

Rahmanian

2015

Anal. Methods

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“…This protocol allows visualization of three to four of the PANi oxidation states (Figure 6a). 1 Students also carried out spectroelectrochemistry wherein an electrochemical cell was set up directly in a UV/Vis cuvette for simultaneously monitoring absorbance while changing the applied voltage. The absorbance at 620 nm of a (PANi/SPS) 8 film changed over time when square wave potentials of -0.2V and 0.9 V were applied (Figure 6b).…”

Section: Module #2: Electrochromic Properties Of (Pani/sps) 8 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We encounter coatings in everyday life with examples including non-stick Teflon coatings on pots and pans, anti-reflective coatings on eyeglass lenses, anti-corrosive coatings on razors, and stain-repellant coatings on fabrics, among many others. One emerging technique for assembling thin film coatings is layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, which was introduced by Decher at the University of Mainz, Germany in the early 1990s (1,2).…”

Section: Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-by-Layer Assembly of a pH-Responsive and Electrochromic Thin Film

et al. 2010

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This paper summarizes an experiment on thin film fabrication with layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly that is appropriate for undergraduate laboratory courses. The purpose of this experiment is to teach students about self-assembly in the context of thin films, and to expose students to the concepts of functional polymeric coatings. Students dip coat both microscope slides and conductive glass with films containing polyaniline (PANi), a conducting polymer, and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS). Assembly of the film is characterized by visual inspection, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and conductance measurements with a handheld multimeter. Greencolored films with measurable conductance are apparent after two PANi layers. Subsequently, the students observe the pH-dependent optical properties of the films, and also determine the electrochromic performance of the films using spectroelectrochemistry. The feasibility of this experiment has been tested by inclusion into an undergraduate-level polymer science laboratory with third and fourth year students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Synthesis and Characterization of a Conducting Polymer: An Electrochemical Experiment for General Chemistry

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization

Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization

An electrochemical sensing method for the determination of levodopa using a poly(4-methyl-ortho-phenylenediamine)/MWNT modified GC electrode

Layer-by-Layer Assembly of a pH-Responsive and Electrochromic Thin Film

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