Synthesis and Characterization of Anionic Polymeric Surfactants Based on Sulfonated Styrene

Abstract

A novel series of three anionic polymeric surfactants was prepared by polymerization of sulfonated styrene and allyl esters of long chain fatty acid chlorides (decanoyl, lauroyl and palmitoyl chloride). The unique structural features of these surfactants were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools (IR and H-NMR). The surface properties of these compounds such as surface tension, interfacial tension, emulsion stability, wetting power, foam height, solubilization and dispersant properties in disperse dye systems were determined and evaluated. A comparative study was done between the chemical structures and surface properties of these compounds. Biodegradability and stability to hydrolysis in acidic and alkaline medium were also determined and evaluated.

Solution properties and aggregating structures for a fluorine-containing polymeric surfactant with a poly(ethylene oxide) macro-monomer

“…The variation of SFT with PFSA concentration in the brine solution was similar to that in aqueous solution. For the present polymeric surfactants not containing fluorine, CMC was almost higher than 1.0 g l −1 and the surface tensions were commonly 37–55 mN m −1 at CMC [15,21–25]. Therefore, compared with the polymeric surfactants without C–F bonds reported in the literature, the surface activity of PFSA was stronger and its CMC in aqueous and brine solutions was much lower.…”

“…Moreover, the interfacial tensions were decreased by the addition of salt because of electrostatic shielding from Na + ions. The interfacial tensions are often 1.5–15 mN m −1 at CMC for the reported polymeric surfactants not containing fluorine [11,21,26]. Thus, the interfacial property of PFSA should be better by comparison.…”

“…The molecular weights of polymeric surfactants are higher than 1000 g mol 21 and are traditionally 10 3 -10 4 orders of magnitude.…”

“…Polymeric surfactants include natural and synthetic ones; the former are commonly hydrophobically modified cellulose [3 -7], and the latter are linear and comb-like polymeric surfactants. However, the cellulose-based polymeric surfactants are not resistant to heat, their applied temperatures are lower than 608C in oil reservoirs and their critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) are often much higher than 0.5 g l 21 . The linear synthetic polymeric surfactants are mainly non-ionic poly(ethylene oxide)/poly( propylene oxide) (PEO/PPO) block copolymers [8 -10].…”

“…The linear synthetic polymeric surfactants are mainly non-ionic poly(ethylene oxide)/poly( propylene oxide) (PEO/PPO) block copolymers [8 -10]. Their surface tensions are low to 33 mN m 21 and are resistant to salts, especially multivalent metal cationic salts. However, their cloud points are lower than 558C, at which the surfactants are precipitated from aqueous solutions.…”