Synthesis and Characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O7 Superconducting Oxide by High-Energy Milling

Abstract

Superconducting Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 7 was prepared by a solid-state reaction using high-energy milling for the starting materials. The effects of the sintering temperature and time on the phase evolution, microstructure, and superconducting properties were examined by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and four-point probe resistivity measurements. High-energy milling decreased the precursor particle size to approximately 30 nm with a relatively uniform distribution of multi-compositions. Because of the mechanochemical activation for the starting materials, the reaction temperature was decreased to 750 • C due to the decreased diffusion length required for the solid-state reaction. Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 7 prepared by high-energy milling showed good superconducting properties with T c ∼ 100 K, which is superior to the same material prepared by ball milling and sol-gel routes.

Effects of the Sintering Conditions on the Structural Phase Evolution and T C of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O7 Prepared Using the Citrate sol–gel Method

“…Figure 4 compares the highresolution lowangle XRD pattern (4 ≤ 2θ ≤ 8 • ) of the samples sintered at the optimal temperature (840 • C) for 24, 72 and 120 h. The BSCCO The volume fraction of the BSCCO 2223 (H) phase along with 2212 (L) was calculated based on the summation of the integrated peak intensities [18,43] for all the samples sintered at different temperatures and times (from Figs. 3 and 4), as summarized in Table 1.…”

“…A large number of papers have dealt with the synthesis of BSCCO materials by a solid state reaction method [11][12][13][14][15]. More sophisticated methods, such as mechanical grinding, ball-billing and high-energy milling were also used to prepare BSCCO superconductors [16][17][18]. On the other hand, all these methods require highly expensive equipment and are time consuming.…”

Effect of La Doping on the Crystal Structure, Electric, Magnetic and Morphologic Properties of the BSCCO System

“…The precursor solutions were prepared based on the Pechini´s method 29,32,33 . The metallic carbonates (MC) were dissolved in an aqueous solution of citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ) (CA) in a ratio of 3:1 (MC:CA).…”

“…The precursor solutions were prepared based on the Pechini´s method 29,32,33 The metallic carbonates (MC) were dissolved in an aqueous solution of citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ) (CA) in a ratio of 3:1 (MC:CA). After that, a polyol, in this case, the ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 ) was added to obtain a better distribution of the cations in the polymeric structure.…”

Vanadium Addition Effect on the Superconducting Properties of BPSCCO System

“…Darsono et al [6] prepared the Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconducting system by a solid-state reaction using highenergy milling for the starting materials. The effects of the sintering temperature and the time on the phase evolution, microstructure, and superconducting properties were examined by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and four-point probe resistivity measurements.…”