Synthesis and characterization of composite electrolytes based on samaria-doped ceria and Na/Li carbonates

Effect of sintering temperature on surface morphology and electrical properties of samarium-doped ceria carbonate for solid oxide fuel cells

“…5a. A similar impedance spectrum was also observed by Lapa et al [34] at 350 °C operating temperature. The absence of grain boundary arc at 350 °C could be attributed to the influence of the carbonate phase.…”

“…When operated at temperatures below the melting point of (Li/Na) carbonate phase (503 °C), the ionic transport along the interface between the SDC and (Li/Na) carbonate phases was resisted because of the presence of porous structure and absence of continuous molten carbonate network. The impedance of grain boundaries was evident across the SDC phase, where the ionic transport occurred [34]. Furthermore, when operated at temperatures below the melting point of (Li/Na) carbonate phase, the grain interior and grain boundary attribute high resistance.…”

Strategies and new developments in the field of molten carbonates and high-temperature fuel cells in the carbon cycle

“…Li et al have developed a so-called NANOSOFC, based on a composite with nano-SDC salt mixed with a LieNa carbonate eutectic [29]. A maximum output power density of 140 mW cm À2 , stable for 200 h, was reached at 650 C. Lapa et al synthesised and characterised nanocomposites also based on SDC and LieNa carbonates [22]. These mixtures showed impressive levels of conductivity and a complex distribution of the two phases: a ceramic skeleton of bonded nano-sized grains surrounded by the carbonate phase.…”

Electrical properties of ceria/carbonate nanocomposites

“…These materials include a classical ceria-based electrolyte as dominant phase (usually gadolinia doped ceria-GDC or samaria doped ceria-SDC) and a mixture of alkali metal carbonates (typically lithium, sodium or potassium carbonates), as secondary phase [1][2][3][4][5]. A key feature of these materials is the sharp increase in the electrical conductivity in the temperature range 300-600 • C, near the carbonates eutectic temperature.…”