Synthesis and characterization of nanohybrid of poly(octadecylacrylates derivatives)/montmorillonite as pour point depressants and flow improver for waxy crude oil

Abstract

In this paper, a novel series of nanohybrid of poly(octadecylacrylate derivatives) montmorillonite (ODA/MMT) was prepared by successfully dispersing the inorganic nanolayers of MMT-clay on the organic polymer matrix via in situ free-radical polymerization by different ratios. The prepared nanohybrid polymers were characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), HRTEM, GPC, DSC, and TGA instruments. The XRD confirmed the presence of an exfoliated/interacted clay structure in the prepared polymer. Moreover, the molecular weight of the prepared polymer nanohybrids is higher than the corresponding polymer. The results of applying the polymer as pour point depressants showed a considerable reduction from 27 C (initial pour point) to −3 C, facilitating the process of oil flow at lower temperatures than earlier. The apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was also decreased significantly by the addition of the (ODA/MMT) polymers, and the long-term stability of the prepared nanohybrid polymers was superior to that of a conventional polymer. The efficiency of polymers nanohybrid in reducing the pour point of crude oil associated with improved oil flow is one of the most important processes of charge and transportation process. The mechanism of enhancement of the flow properties by the polymers nanohybrid is predicted.

Flow ability Enhancement of Waxy Crude Oil Using New Spirocompound based on Aromatic Amine System

“…The components were refluxed at 180 °C for about 8h. The pure product was obtained by filtration Zeolite and for solvent evaporation [21]. The final product was named 6, 6'-(((phenylmethylene) bis (oxy)) bis…”

“…According to Alsabagh et al, [21], ODA (20 gm), MA (6 gm) and 58 ml Toluene were add on a magnetic stirrer at 70°C with benzoyl peroxide (0.27 gm) for 4 h. Thus, the polymer was physically mixing with the [SB1] to make a blend [B1].…”

“…As reported by Alsabagh et al, [21], Octadecyl alcohol and (octadecyl acrylate)-co-(maleic anhydride) esterification reaction was achieved in a round four-necks flask (150 ml) equipped with N2-line, reflux condenser, magnetic stirring and a Dean Stark apparatus. P-toluene sulphonic acid (1%) was added to 25 ml of Xylene and further heated up to 125 °C.…”

“…Furthermore, a 2 mol of octadecyl alcohol and octadecyl acrylate co-maleic anhydride was supplemented. The amidation of Octadecyl alcohol and octadecyl acrylate comaleic anhydride with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was carried out according to the above estrification process [21]. The ester and the Amid polymer were mixed physically with the [SB1] to obtain the blend [B3 and B2], respectively.…”

Improving heavy oil recovery, part (I): synthesis and surface activity evaluation of some novel organometallic surfactants based on salen–M complexes

“…Secondary recovery refers to the increase in the cumulative oil produced using water and immiscible gas ooding. [11][12][13] Tertiary recovery or EOR is used for recovering additional oil (residual oil) remaining in reservoirs aer applying primary and secondary oil extractions. 14,15 In the past decades, several theoretical and laboratory studies have been conducted to validate the EOR techniques such as thermal, chemical, microbial, and miscible ooding methods.…”