Synthesis and Characterization of Sn/R, Sn/Si−R, and Sn/SiO₂ Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanometer-sized tin, Sn/R, and Sn/Si−R (R = n-C4H9), core/shell nanoparticles have been prepared by the reaction of SnCl4 or SiCl4 with Mg2Sn in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme) and subsequently with n-C4H9Li. Sn/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles are produced from the reaction of Mg2Sn with SiCl4 and subsequent reaction with H2O2. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra are consistent with n-butyl surface termination for the n-butyl-capped tin (Sn/n-butyl) and the silicon-n-butyl capped tin (Sn/Si-n-butyl) core/shell nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) confirms that the core part of Sn/n-butyl and Sn/Si- n-butyl nanoparticles is consistent with the tetragonal structure of tin, exhibiting lattice fringes of the {200} crystal plane (2.92 Å). The FTIR spectrum of Sn/SiO2 confirms the evidence of silica capping and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) is consistent with an amorphous shell (SiO2) and crystalline Sn core. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern provide supporting evidence for the tetragonal structure of β-tin as the core part of Sn/SiO2 nanoparticles. The typical size distribution of Sn/n-butyl, Sn/Si-n-butyl, and Sn/SiO2 nanoparticles (diameter) range from 7 to 15 nm derived from TEM micrographs. The average radius ratio (Rr) value, (radius of SiO2/radius of Sn) for Sn/SiO2 derived from 24 individual nanoparticles in TEM images is 0.17 (0.02).

Quantum Dots: A Primer

“…48 Advances in Group IV nanocrystal synthesis have not been limited ex clusively to silico n. Th e Z intl phase route noted above has also been successfully extended to germanium 49 -51 and tin. 52 For the case of Ge, these nanocrystals can be prepared via the reaction of NaGe (or KGe or M gGe) with excess GeCl 4 in glyme-type solvents at re ux temperatures. Depending on solvent and surface termination, cr ystalline Ge nanocrystals ranging in size from 4.5 to 10 nm can be obtained, with a relatively broad size distribution.…”

Cu Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid: An Easy and Efficient Catalyst for Addition–Elimination Reaction Between Active Methylene Compounds and Imines in an Ionic Liquid

“…Many methods have been developed to produce metal nanoparticles, such as metal vapor deposition, [6] electrochemical reduction, [7] radiolytic reduction [8,9] chemical reduction, [10] thermal decomposition, [11] chemical liquid deposition, and mechanical attrition [12]. Preparation of metal nanoparticles in ionic liquid has been proved to be the most versatile and simple approach.…”

One-pot Syntheses of Metallic Hollow Nanoparticles of Tin and Lead

“…21 Tin nanoparticles have been prepared through the methods of thermal evaporation of a bulk tin ball, 22 reaction of SnCl4, Mg2Sn, and n-C4H9Li in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 23 and reduction of SnCl4·5H2O by tetraoctylammonium bromide in dichloromethane. 21 Lead nanostructures are attractive materials for its potential applications in superconductor 24 and photonic crystal.…”