Synthesis and evaluation of anionic polymer-coated capillaries with pH-independent electroosmotic flows for capillary electrophoresis

Sun, Peng; Landman, Adam B.; Barker, Geoffrey E.; Hartwick, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)00635-0

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In this case, the addition of the modifier to the mobile phase is not necessary. Several modifiers have been used for the preparation of adsorbed stationary phases [6,7,28,48,50,51,81,82,. These modifiers can be grouped into three main categories: (i) cationic surfactants, (ii) polymeric surfactants, and (iii) charged polymers.…”

Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical separations in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Kapnissi‐Christodoulou

Zhu

Warner

2003

Electrophoresis

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This review represents a summary of recent progress in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for chiral and achiral separations. The OT-CEC approach is an alternative to packed-CEC that could eliminate the problems associated with retaining frits and silica particles. In OT-CEC, the stationary phase is immobilized on the inner walls of the capillary. Preparation of the stationary phase is critical for OT-CEC. The preparation methods for capillary columns include (i) adsorption, (ii) covalent bonding and/or cross-linking, (iii) porous layers, (iv) chemical bonding after etching, (v) sol-gel, and (vi) molecular imprinting. Major developments, potential applications, technical difficulties and advantages associated with these wall coatings in OT-CEC are presented. In addition, the coupling of OT-CEC with mass spectrometry (MS) is briefly reviewed. Several applications of this hyphenated technique for analytical separations are also summarized.

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Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical separations in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Kapnissi‐Christodoulou

Zhu

Warner

2003

Electrophoresis

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“…Figure 4 illustrates the method utilized to increase the DNA separation ability during CGE, featuring the use of strength-adjusted EOF to decrease the DNA flow speed. To explain our EOF control strategy, we use the numerical formula defining electroosmotic mobility (µeo) [21,33]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Small DNAs by Gel Electrophoresis in a Fused Silica Capillary Coated with a Negatively Charged Copolymer

Nakazumi

Hara

2017

Separations

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Active development of compact analytical instruments suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) requires optimization of existing methods. To aid the development of capillary gel electrophoresis instruments for POCT, we attempted to separate polymerase chain reaction products (small DNAs) using a short, fused silica capillary coated with an acrylamide (AM)/acrylic acid (AA) copolymer (poly(AM-co-AA)). To realize the high capability of this capillary to separate small DNAs, the magnitude of electroosmotic flow (EOF) was controlled by varying the content of negatively charged AA in the copolymer, which significantly affected the separation ability. At an AA content ≥3.75 mol %, sample DNAs could not be injected into the copolymer-coated capillary owing to strong EOF, whereas a 100 bp DNA ladder sample was successfully separated at an AA content of ≤3.5 mol %, showing that even slight AA content variations impact DNA flow. EOF values measured using a neutral coumarin 334 solution suddenly decreased at an AA content of 3.5 mol % relative to those at an AA content of ≥3.75 mol %. Theoretical plate values revealed that an AA content of 2.75 mol % was optimal for separating ladder DNAs with sizes ≥600 bp. Hence, EOF control achieved by varying the amount of negatively charged AA in the poly(AM-co-AA) coating can promote further development of short capillaries for POCT applications.

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“…The EOF of a fused-silica capillary was strongly affected by the pH value. In particular, from pH 4 to 7, the higher the pH value the faster EOF could be obtained (Sun et al, 1994). The higher pH caused a lower resolution because the migration direction of the free amino acids was the same as the EOF.…”

Section: Possible Mechanism Of the Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Inspection of the reversal of enantiomer migration order in ligand exchange micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Lin

Hobo

2001

Biomedical Chromatography

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Enantiometers of D,L-phenylalanine were separated by capillary electrophoresis based on the principle of ligand exchange. Copper (II) complex of 4-hydroxy-L-proline was used as chiral selector. The separation and the migration order of D- and L-phenylalanine were strongly affected by adding an anion surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Without SDS in the electrolyte, the separation was also carried out but the resolution was very small. With SDS added into the electrolyte, the resolution decreased with increasing concentration of SDS until 5.0 mM. When the concentration of SDS in the electrolyte was over 5.0 mM, inversion of the migration order of DL-phenylalanine was observed and the resolution was also increased with increasing concentration up to 20 mM. It was interesting to find that the inversion of the migration order took place not only in the enantioscparation but also in the positional isomers. A family of a fluorinated amino acid, o-, m- and p-fluoro-D,L-phenylalanine was separated and the inversion of the migration order is discussed.

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Synthesis and evaluation of anionic polymer-coated capillaries with pH-independent electroosmotic flows for capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Analytical separations in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Analytical separations in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography

Separation of Small DNAs by Gel Electrophoresis in a Fused Silica Capillary Coated with a Negatively Charged Copolymer

Inspection of the reversal of enantiomer migration order in ligand exchange micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

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