Synthesis and factorial design applied to a novel chitosan/sodium polyphosphate nanoparticles via ionotropic gelation as an RGD delivery system

Abstract

Chitosan nanoparticles have been extensively studied for both drug and protein/peptide delivery. The aim of this study was to develop an optimized chitosan nanoparticle, by ionotropic gelation method, using 3 full factorial design with a novel polyanion, sodium polyphosphate, well known under the trade name Graham salt. The effects of these parameters on the particle size, zeta potential, and morphology and association efficiency were investigated. The optimized nanoparticles showed an estimated size of 166.20±1.95nm, a zeta potential of 38.7±1.2mV and an efficacy of association of 97.0±2.4%. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles with uniform size. Molecular interactions among the components of the nanoparticles and peptide were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The obtained results indicated that, the developed nanoparticles demonstrated high biocompatible, revealing no or low toxicity in the human cancer cell line (Caco-2). In conclusion, this work provides parameters that contribute to production of chitosan nanoparticles and sodium polyphosphate with desirable size, biocompatible and enabling successful use for protein/peptides delivery.

Cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoassemblies: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity

“…Meanwhile, the two characteristic bands at 1,153 and 900 cm −1 can be attributed to P=O stretching and P–O along with P–O–P of TPP (Martins, de Oliveira, Pereira, Rubira, & Muniz, ). Eventually, the interaction of CS with TPP was observed at the range of 860–600 cm −1 ; this range is indicative of symmetric stretching modes of these linkages (Kiilll et al, ).…”

In vivo and in vitro antifungal effect of fungal chitosan nanocomposite edible coating against strawberry phytopathogenic fungi

“…The mean particle size of the FCNs was 331.1 nm (AE7.21) with a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.377). The difference between the size measured by DLS and SEM occurs due to fact that DLS measurements were performed in aqueous media while SEM provides the diameter of particles in dry form (Kiilll et al, 2017). The same difference was observed by Melo et al (2018).…”

Polysaccharide Based Nanoparticles

“…Chitosan nanoparticles are not only being used for small molecules but also explored as a carrier for protein and peptide drugs to overcome their low bioavailability and stability to acidic and enzymatic degradation in biological fluids . Gremiao et al., developed and optimized CS nanoparticles, by ionotropic gelation method with a novel polyanion, sodium polyphosphate. The authors focused on a class of macromolecules called dis‐integrins that comprise a group of low molecular weight proteins that interact with integrin receptors on the surface of cancer cells.…”