Synthesis and Room Temperature Structural, Optical, Electrical Properties of Holmium Doped GdMn₂O₅ Multiferroics

Abstract

Multiferroic materials with the compositional formulae Gd1-xHoxMn2O5 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The structural analysis has been carried out by X-ray diffraction technique which confirms the orthorhombic structure with the Pbam space group. The optical properties have been studied by UV Visible, FTIR, and Raman spectra. The energy gap that was calculated using UV visible absorption spectra shows that the material is semiconducting in nature. The observed 14 Raman and 17 IR active modes are attributed to the relative motions of corresponding atoms. ; also by increasing the doping concentration of Ho, the emergence of phonon shifting was observed which suggests the possible multiferroic coupling behaviour. The electrical properties including dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity at room temperature indicate the spin-lattice coupling.

Effect of Ho3+ Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Multiferroic YbMnO3

“…These shifting results from the crystal lattice expansion due to the doping of the higher ionic radius of Ho 3+ (0.901 Å) in the smaller ionic radius of Yb 3+ (0.86Å). 19 Rietveld refinement analysis.-To conduct a qualitative analysis of the samples, we employed Rietveld refinement using the Fullprof software, and the resultant plots are depicted in Fig. 2.…”