Synthesis and utilisation of graphene for fabrication of electrochemical sensors

Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on graphene two-dimensional nanomaterials

“…Specifically, among the reported 2D nanomaterials, graphene has emerged as the most powerful nanomaterial for diverse applications . Graphene refers to a sheet of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms arranged into a rigid honeycomb lattice, exhibiting one of the highest mechanical strength among all materials, extraordinary electron transfer capability and excellent thermal conductivity (Lawal, 2015, Goenka et al, 2014, Liu et al, 2012c, Premkumar and Geckeler, 2012, Nguyen and Berry, 2012, Xiang et al, 2012, Dresselhaus and Araujo, 2010, Geim, 2009, Li and Kaner, 2008. Due to its tremendous unique properties, graphene holds great promise for a broad range of applications, such as energy storage (e.g.…”

Recent developments, characteristics and potential applications of screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceutical and biological analysis

“…In the evaluation of the dispersion of the nanoparticles at the surface of the electrodes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs are usually applied to evaluate the morphology and size of the NPs [56]. In addition, X-ray diffraction, energydispersive X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy can also be used to characterize the surface morphology of the NPs used to modify the WEs [57].…”

An Oxygen Reduction Study of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials of Different Origin

“…1 TPa) [2][3][4][5][6], scientists have extensively used graphene for fundamental investigations, including the fields of electroanalysis and electrocatalysis. In addition, graphene has been considered as a promising support material in industrial applications including but not limited to (bio)sensors, solar cells, batteries and fuel cells [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In an ideal way, graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon with an atomic thickness of ca.…”